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Antenna Yapakati Wave

A mlongoti wapakatikati or AM antenna or MF antenna (Medium frequency antenna), ndi mtundu wa mlongoti wawayilesi womwe udapangidwa kuti ulandire ndi kufalitsa ma siginecha a wailesi mumayendedwe apakatikati (MF), omwe amachokera ku 300 kHz mpaka 3 MHz.

 

Pamulingo woyambira, mlongoti wapakati umagwira ntchito pogwira mafunde a wailesi kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndikuwasandutsa chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimatha kulandiridwa ndikusinthidwa ndi wolandila wailesi. Izi zimatheka kudzera mu njira yotchedwa electromagnetic induction, momwe mafunde a wailesi amathandizira mafunde amagetsi muzinthu zoyendetsera mlongoti. Kenako magetsi amatumizidwa ku zida za wailesi pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha coaxial kapena mawaya amtundu wina.

 

Onerani makanema athu opangira 10kW AM omwe ali pamalowo ku Cabanatuan, Philippines:

 

 

Minyanga yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuwulutsa, kulumikizana, kuyenda, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazofunikira za ma antenna apakati:

 

  1. Kuwulutsa: Minyanga yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito poulutsira ma wayilesi mtunda wautali. Ndiwothandiza makamaka pakuwulutsa nkhani, nyimbo, ndi mitundu ina yamawu.
  2. Kulankhulana: Tinyanga zapakatikati zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikizana ndi mawayilesi anjira ziwiri, monga pazamalonda ndi zankhondo. Tinyangazi zimatha kuthandizira kulumikizana kodalirika pamtunda wautali, ngakhale m'malo omwe njira zina zolumikizirana sizingakhale.
  3. Navigation: Minyanga yapakati ndi gawo lofunikira pamayendedwe apawayilesi, monga ma beacon omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powuluka. Tinyangazi zimathandiza oyendetsa ndege kuyenda mwa kupereka zizindikiro zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera malo ndi zina.
  4. Kafukufuku wasayansi: Minyanga yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zasayansi, monga kuphunzira kufalitsa kwa ionospheric ndi zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi mafunde a wailesi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zakuthambo za wailesi pozindikira ndi kusanthula ma radiation a electromagnetic kuchokera mumlengalenga.

 

Mwachidule, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndipo timagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Amagwira ntchito pojambula mafunde a wailesi kudzera pamagetsi amagetsi ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa, kulumikizana, kuyenda, kufufuza kwasayansi, ndi zina zambiri.

 

Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri wapakati ndi wofunikira pa wayilesi yapakatikati chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji mtundu ndi mphamvu ya siginecha yomwe wayilesiyo imafalitsa. Mlongoti wabwino kwambiri umatha kupititsa patsogolo kuwulutsa kwa wayilesiyi, kulandira, ndi mphamvu zamawu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso omvera. 

 

Nazi zina mwazifukwa zomwe mlongoti wapamwamba wa medium wave umakhala wofunikira:

 

  • Kuchuluka kwa nkhani: Dongosolo la antenna lopangidwa bwino limalola wailesi kuti iwonjezere malo ake ofikira, kufikira omvera ambiri. Mlongoti wopindula kwambiri ukhoza kutenga chizindikiro chochulukirapo kuchokera pa chotumizira, kuonjezera mtunda umene chizindikirocho chingayende.
  • Ubwino wa chizindikiro: Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kuthandizira kuwongolera chizindikiro, ndikupangitsa kuti zisasokonezedwe kapena kusokonezedwa ndi zizindikiro zina kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Izi zimabweretsa chizindikiro chomveka bwino, chokhazikika kwa omvera.
  • Kulandila bwino: Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri pamapeto olandira ungathandize kuonjezera mphamvu ya chizindikiro chomwe chikutengedwa ndi wailesi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti omvera alandire bwino kwambiri.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera: Mlongoti womangidwa bwino umatha kugwira ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri popanda kusokoneza kapena zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira potumiza maulendo aatali.
  • Kutsata malamulo: FCC nthawi zambiri imafuna kuti owulutsa mafunde apakati azitsatira malamulo ndi malamulo ena okhudzana ndi mtundu ndi mtundu wa tinyanga zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Antenna yabwino imathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti malamulowa akutsatiridwa.

 

Mwachidule, antenna yapamwamba kwambiri ndiyofunikira pawayilesi chifukwa imatha kuwonjezera kuwulutsa, kukweza ma siginecha, kupititsa patsogolo kulandila, kusamalira mphamvu zazikulu, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti wailesiyi ndi omvera azitha kuwulutsa bwino kwambiri.

Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya tinyanga tapakatikati?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma wave station apakati. Otsatirawa ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tinyanga tapakatikati, komanso kufotokozera momwe amagwirira ntchito.

1. Mlongoti Woyimirira wa Monopole: Mlongoti wamtunduwu ndi waya wolunjika kapena mlongoti wosavuta womwe umayima mowongoka ndikukhazikika pansi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawayilesi owulutsa ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a radiation omwe amapangidwa molunjika, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimawululidwa molunjika. Mlongoti uwu sufuna ndege yapansi, koma umafunika dongosolo lalikulu la pansi kuti ligwire ntchito mokwanira.

2. Mlongoti wa Dipole: Mlongoti wa Dipole uli ndi mawaya awiri autali wofanana kapena mitengo yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi insulator ndi kudyetsedwa ndi chingwe cholumikizira. Mlongoti wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira masiteshoni. Nthawi zambiri, mlongoti wa dipole amapangidwa ndi waya ndipo amayikidwa mopingasa pakati pa mitengo iwiri yothandizira. Dipole antennas ndi omnidirectional ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a radiation omwe ali perpendicular kwa waya.

3. T-Antenna: T-mlongoti ndi mtundu wina wa mlongoti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa mafunde apakati. Amakhala ndi waya woyima ("T") wolumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira, chokhala ndi ma conductor awiri opingasa pansi pa radiator yowongoka. Mawaya awiri opingasa amakhala ngati dongosolo la pansi. Mlongoti wamtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe a radiation omwe ndi omnidirectional.

4. Ferrite Rod Antenna: Mlongoti wa ferrite rod ndi mtundu wa antenna womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ang'onoang'ono onyamula komanso olandila pamanja. Ndi phata looneka ngati ndodo lopangidwa ndi zinthu za ferrite, zozungulira zomwe zimamangirira waya kuti apange lupu lochititsa chidwi. Pakatikati pa ferrite kumawonjezera mphamvu ya tinyanga poyang'ana mphamvu ya maginito kuzungulira koyilo. Ndi chitsanzo cha mlongoti wolunjika ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza gwero la siginecha pozungulira mlongoti kuti apeze komwe akupita kumphamvu ya siginecha.

5. Loop Antenna: Malupu antennas amagwiritsidwa ntchito polandila komanso kutumiza. Amakhala ndi lupu la waya kapena koyilo yomwe imakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe achisanu ndi chitatu. Tinyangazi zimagwira ntchito popanga mphamvu ya maginito ikayatsidwa ndi wailesi yomwe ikubwera. Mphamvu ya maginito imeneyi imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu ya magetsi mu loop, yomwe kenako imakulitsidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi zida za wailesi.

Pomaliza, iyi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya tinyanga zapakatikati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa, kutumiza ndi kulandira ma wayilesi. Mlongoti uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe akeake ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito kutengera zosowa zapawayilesi kapena njira yolumikizirana. Kuchita bwino komanso momwe ma radiation a antenna amapangidwira zimatengera kapangidwe kake, kayikedwe kake, komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Kodi mlongoti wapakati ungakwiririre bwanji?
Kuphimba kwa mlongoti wapakatikati kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mphamvu ya chowulutsira, mtundu wa mlongoti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwa mlongoti pamwamba pa nthaka, kuchuluka kwa siginecha, komanso kuwongolera kwa nthaka.

Nthawi zambiri, ndi 5-10 kW medium wave transmitter ndi dongosolo la mlongoti wopangidwa bwino, siteshoni imatha kuphimba dera la 50-100 mailosi masana ndi 100-300 mailosi kapena kupitirira usiku. Komabe, kuphimba kwenikweni kudzadalira zinthu zambiri ndipo kungasiyane kwambiri malinga ndi malo enieni komanso chilengedwe.

Kuti muwongolere kufalikira kwa antenna yapakati, nayi malangizo:

1. Wonjezerani kutalika kwa mlongoti: Pomwe mlongoti uli pamwamba pa nthaka, mlongo wake umakulirakulira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mafunde a wailesi amatha kuyenda motalikirapo mumlengalenga popanda kutchinga pang’ono kuchokera pansi.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito chowulutsira mphamvu chapamwamba: Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya transmitter kungathandizenso kufalikira, koma izi zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo ndipo zingafunike chilolezo chowonjezera ndi zida.

3. Gwiritsani ntchito mlongoti wolunjika: Ma antennas olunjika amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri chizindikiritso cha mbali ina yake, yomwe ingakhale yothandiza poyang'ana madera enaake ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka.

4. Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka nthaka: Ground conductivity imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphimba masiteshoni apakati. Kuyika malo abwinoko kapena kusankha malo okhala ndi ma conductivity abwino kumatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la mlongoti.

5. Gwiritsani ntchito kusintha kwa mlongoti kapena mayunitsi ofananira: Magawo awa atha kuthandizira kukulitsa kusamutsa kwamagetsi pakati pa chotumizira ndi mlongoti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira komanso kuchepetsa kusokoneza.

Pomaliza, kuphimba kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mphamvu ya chowulutsira, mtundu wa mlongoti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwa mlongoti pamwamba pa nthaka, kuchuluka kwa siginecha, komanso kayendedwe kake. pansi. Potsatira malangizo ofunikira, ndizotheka kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a mlongoti wapakatikati ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwake pamalo operekedwa.
Kodi zofunikira kwambiri za mlongoti wapakati pa wave?
Mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi ma RF a antenna yapakatikati amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, koma zina zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

1. Kusiyanasiyana: Mafupipafupi a antenna yapakati yozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 530 kHz mpaka 1700 kHz.

2. Kusakhulupirika: Kutsekeka kwa mlongoti wapakatikati kumakhala pafupifupi 50 ohms. Kutsekeka kwa mlongoti kuyenera kufananizidwa ndi kutsekeka kwa chingwe chotumizira kuti zitsimikizire kusuntha kwamphamvu kwambiri.

3. Polarization: Polarization ya antenna yapakati yozungulira imatha kukhala yoyima kapena yopingasa, kutengera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuyika kwake.

4. Njira ya radiation: Ma radiation a antenna apakati amatsimikizira komwe akuchokera komanso kulimba kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ma radiation amatha kukhala omnidirectional, directional, kapena bi-directional, kutengera momwe akugwiritsira ntchito.

5. Phindu: Kupindula kwa antenna yapakati ndi muyeso wa kuthekera kwake kokweza mulingo wa siginecha munjira yomwe mwapatsidwa. Antenna yopindula kwambiri ipereka mphamvu zokulirapo zachizindikiro kunjira inayake.

6. Bandwidth: Bandwidth ya antenna yapakati ndi ma frequency angapo omwe imatha kutumiza kapena kulandira ma siginecha bwino. Kuthamanga kwa mlongoti kungawonjezeke powonjezera kukula kwa thupi la mlongoti kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri.

7. Kuchita bwino: Kuchita bwino kwa mlongoti wapakati ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi transmitter zimawonekera ngati mphamvu yamagetsi. Antenna yogwira ntchito bwino ipereka mphamvu yokulirapo ya siginecha yamagetsi operekedwa.

8. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): VSWR ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonekera kuchokera ku mlongoti chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Kuchuluka kwa VSWR kumatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike pa transmitter.

9. Chitetezo cha Mphezi: Mphezi imatha kuwononga kwambiri tinyanga. Mlongoti wopangidwa bwino wapakati pa ma wave wave uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu monga mphezi, makina oyambira pansi, ndi zomangira maopaleshoni kuti ateteze ku mphezi.

Mwachidule, mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi ma RF a antenna yapakatikati ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga ndikusankha mlongoti wa ntchito inayake. Mlongoti wopangidwa bwino komanso wokongoletsedwa bwino ukhoza kupereka magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu yazizindikiro, komanso kulumikizana kodalirika.
Kodi mlongoti wapakati wozungulira ndi wotani?
Antenna yapakatikati nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawaya kapena mawaya omwe amakonzedwa mwanjira inayake kapena masinthidwe, monga dipole yopingasa kapena vertical monopole. Mlongoti ukhozanso kukhala ndi zina zowonjezera, monga zowonetsera kapena zowongolera, kuti ziwongolere ntchito zake. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mlongoti kungadalire zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa siginecha yomwe idapangidwa kuti ilandire kapena kufalitsa, malo omwe alipo kuti ayike, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi T-antenna, mlongoti wopindidwa wa dipole, ndi mlongoti wapansi.
Kodi mlongoti wapakati ndi wofanana ndi mlongoti wowulutsa wa AM ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
Inde, mlongoti wapakatikati ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mlongoti wowulutsa wa AM, popeza mafunde apakatikati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawayilesi ya AM (Amplitude Modulation). M'malo mwake, mawu oti "medium wave" ndi "AM" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kutanthauza ma frequency omwewo (530 kHz mpaka 1710 kHz ku North America).

Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wopangidwira mafunde apakati ndi oyeneranso kuwulutsa kwa AM, ndi mosemphanitsa. Mlongoti umakonzedwa kuti umvekenso pamafupipafupi omwe amafunidwa, omwe amatumizidwa kapena kulandiridwa ndi mlongoti. Cholinga cha mlongoti ndikusintha bwino mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala ma radiation a electromagnetic, omwe amatha kufalitsidwa kudzera mumlengalenga (kuwulutsa) kapena kulandilidwa kuchokera ku ma airwaves (polandila wailesi).
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa medium wave antenna, shortwave antenna, microwave antenna, and longwave antenna?
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa medium wave, shortwave, microwave, ndi antennas a longwave:

1. Kusiyanasiyana: Mtundu uliwonse wa tinyanga umapangidwa kuti uzigwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Tinyanga zapakati pa mafundewa zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kuyambira 530 kHz mpaka 1710 kHz, pomwe tinyanga ta ma shortwave timaphimba motalikirapo kuyambira 1.6 MHz mpaka 30 MHz. Tinyanga zazitali zimaphimba ma frequency kuchokera ku 30 kHz mpaka 300 kHz, pomwe tinyanga ta microwave zimagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kuyambira 1 GHz mpaka 100 GHz (kapena kupitilira apo).

2. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe: Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a tinyanga ndi zinthu zofunikanso zomwe zimasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi. Mwachitsanzo, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timatha kukhala tating'ono, topangidwa ndi dipole kapena monopole antenna. Mosiyana ndi izi, tinyanga ta ma shortwave nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali komanso zovuta kwambiri, zokhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimaphimba ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Ma antenna aatali amatha kukhala okulirapo, pomwe tinyanga ta microwave nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zolunjika.

3. Makhalidwe amafalitsidwe: Njira imene mafunde a wailesi amafalitsira mumlengalenga imadalira kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde apakati amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kudzera mu ionosphere, koma amatha kusokonezedwa ndi ma siginecha ena ndi mlengalenga. Zizindikiro za Shortwave zimathanso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, koma sizingasokonezedwe ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe ma siginecha a microwave amakhala olunjika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana mtunda wautali.

4. Ntchito: Mtundu uliwonse wa tinyanga nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zinazake. Ma antenna apakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pawayilesi ya AM, pomwe tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wailesi yapadziko lonse lapansi, wailesi yamasewera, ndi mapulogalamu ena. Ma antenna aatali nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyenda, pomwe tinyanga ta ma microwave amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olumikizirana ndi matekinoloje, monga mafoni am'manja, Wi-Fi, ndi radar.

Mwachidule, mtundu uliwonse wa tinyanga umapangidwa kuti uzigwira ntchito pafupipafupi ndipo umakhala ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe amafalitsidwe, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zomwe zimakhala ndi antenna antenna yapakati?
Dongosolo lathunthu la antenna owulutsa pawailesi yakanema limaphatikizapo zida izi:

1. Mlongoti wa mlongoti kapena nsanja - mawonekedwe aatali omwe amathandizira dongosolo la tinyanga, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zinthu zina zolimba.

2. Chidutswa cha Antenna (ATU) - netiweki yofananira yomwe imalola chotumizira kuti chigwirizane bwino ndi kachitidwe ka mlongoti, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chifanane ndi kusokoneza pakati pa transmitter ndi mlongoti.

3. Baluni - chigawo chamagetsi chomwe chimasintha zizindikiro zosagwirizana kuti zikhale zomveka bwino kapena mosiyana.

4. Mzere wotumizira - chingwe cha coaxial kapena mtundu wina wa chingwe chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zotulutsa zotulutsa ku dongosolo la antenna.

5. Dongosolo loyang'anira mlongoti - chida chomwe chimayezera mphamvu ndi SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) ya siginecha yomwe imafalitsidwa ndikuwunikira kwa mlongoti.

6. Zomanga mphezi - zida zomwe zimapereka chitetezo ku mphezi kuti ziteteze kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la antenna.

7. Zida zoyatsira pansi - dongosolo lokhazikapo pansi kuti muteteze dongosolo la mlongoti ku magetsi osasunthika.

8. Zida zounikira nsanja - njira yowunikira yomwe imayikidwa pansanja ya antenna kuti iwonetse kukhalapo kwake usiku ndikutsatira malamulo a chitetezo.

9. Zida zomvetsera - imawonetsetsa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri kuti atumizidwe pamlengalenga.

10. Zida za studio - kupanga ndi kuulutsa mawailesi.

11. Wotumiza - yomwe imasintha ma siginecha amagetsi kuchokera ku studio kukhala mafunde a wailesi ndikukulitsa kuti ifike pakufunika.

Mwachidule, njira yamtundu wapakatikati yowulutsira mawu imakhala ndi mlongoti wa antenna kapena nsanja, cholumikizira cha antenna, balun, chingwe cholumikizira, makina owonera antenna, zomangira mphezi, zida zoyatsira pansi, zida zowunikira nsanja, zida zomvera, zida za studio, ndi chopatsira.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kutumiza ndi kulandirira kwa mlongoti wapakati?
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa tinyanga tapakatikati ndi mawayilesi apakatikati omwe amalandila mawayilesi:

1. Mtengo: Nthawi zambiri, tinyanga zotumizira ndizokwera mtengo kuposa kulandira tinyanga chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso kapangidwe kake kovutirapo. Mtengo wa tinyanga totumizira ukhoza kuchoka pa masauzande kufika ku madola mamiliyoni ambiri, pomwe kulandira tinyanga nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo.

2. Mapulogalamu: Tinyanga zotumizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza ma siginecha apawailesi mtunda wautali, monga kuwulutsa kwa wailesi ya AM, kulumikizana kwankhondo, kapena kuyenda panyanja. Komano, tinyanga zolandirira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula ma wayilesi pofuna kumvetsera, monga kulandirira munthu pawailesi ya AM kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawayilesi osaphunzira.

3. Magwiridwe: Kagwiridwe ka mlongoti wopatsirana amayezedwa ndi mphamvu yake ya ma radiation, kutha kutumiza chizindikiro pa mtunda wautali, komanso kuthekera kwake kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri popanda kusokoneza kapena kuwonongeka. Komano, tinyanga zolandirira zimayesedwa ndi kukhudzika kwawo, kutha kunyamula ma siginecha ofooka, komanso kuthekera kwawo kukana ma siginecha osafunika.

4. Kapangidwe: Tinyanga zotumizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu komanso zovuta kwambiri kuposa kulandira tinyanga, tokhala ndi zinthu zingapo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna nsanja kapena mlongoti kuti zithandizire. Kulandila tinyanga kumatha kukhala kocheperako komanso kocheperako, monga waya wosavuta kapena loop antenna.

5. pafupipafupi: Mapangidwe a ma antennas amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa siginecha yomwe akufuna kutumiza kapena kulandira. Ma antennas opatsira mafunde apakatikati adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mumitundu ya 530-1710 kHz, pomwe ma antennas olandila amatha kupangidwa kuti aziphimba ma frequency osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

6. Kuyika: Kutumiza tinyanga kumafunika kuyika mosamala ndikuwongolera kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikuyenda bwino komanso kutsatira malamulo a FCC. Tinyanga zolandirira zimatha kuyikidwa mosavuta kapena sizingafune kuwongolera kwambiri.

7. Kukonza ndi kukonza: Kutumiza tinyanga kungafunike kukonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, pomwe kulandira tinyanga kumatha kukhala kolimba komanso kumafunikira kusamalidwa pang'ono.

Mwachidule, ma antennas otumizira ndi akulu komanso ovuta kuposa kulandira tinyanga, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha a wailesi patali. Amafuna kuyika mosamala ndikuwongolera, ndipo amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kugula ndi kukonza. Tinyanga zolandirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zocheperako, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula ma siginecha a wailesi kuti amvetsere. Zitha kukhala zosavuta kuziyika ndipo zimafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono komanso kusanja kuposa kutumiza tinyanga.
Momwe mungasankhire mlongoti wabwino kwambiri wapakati?
Posankha antenna yapakati pawayilesi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino. Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Kutalika kwa mlongoti: Nthawi zambiri, mlongoti ukakhala wapamwamba, umagwira ntchito bwino. Mlongoti wamtali umapereka malo okulirapo ndikutulutsa chizindikiro champhamvu.

2. Mtundu wa mlongoti: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga zapakatikati zomwe mungasankhe, kuphatikiza ma monopoles, dipoles, ndi loop antennas. Mtundu wa mlongoti udzatengera zosowa zenizeni za wayilesi.

3. Mayendedwe: Antennas owongolera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse kusokonezedwa ndi malo ena komanso phokoso lamagetsi. Iwo akhoza kuyang'ana mphamvu kufalitsa mu njira yeniyeni kuti maximizes Kuphunzira m'dera.

4. Dongosolo lapansi: Dongosolo loyenera lapansi ndilofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timagwira ntchito bwino. Dongosolo lapansi limapereka njira yochepetsera mphamvu kuti ma radio frequency (RF) azitha kuyenda kubwerera ku transmitter.

5. Kufananiza kwa Impedans: Kufananiza kulepheretsa kwa mlongoti ndi kutulutsa kwa transmitter ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kusuntha kwamphamvu kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kuwunika kwa ma siginecha.

Poganizira izi, wayilesi imatha kusankha antenna yoyenera yapakati yomwe ingagwire ntchito bwino pazosowa zawo.
Momwe mungasankhire maziko apakati pa antenna pamagetsi otulutsa a AM transmitter?
Kusankha mlongoti woyenerera wapakatikati pa chowulutsira cha AM kutengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mphamvu ya transmitter ndi malo omwe mukufuna. Nawa maupangiri ena omwe muyenera kuwaganizira posankha tinyanga ta ma transmitters a AM okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana:

1. Mphamvu: Kwa ma transmitters otsika, mlongoti wosavuta wa dipole kapena monopole ukhoza kukhala wokwanira, pomwe ma transmit akulu akulu angafunike mlongoti wolunjika kapena mlongoti wa loop kuti akwaniritse malo omwe mukufuna.

2. Mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana: Ma antenna osiyanasiyana amapangidwira ma frequency osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha mlongoti womwe umapangidwira makamaka kusiyanasiyana kwa ma transmitter.

3. Dongosolo Lapansi: Dongosolo lapansi ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina aliwonse amtundu wa AM Broadcast antenna ndipo imatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito. Ma transmitters apamwamba kwambiri amafunikira njira yokulirapo komanso yapamwamba kwambiri kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

4. Dera lomwe mukufuna: Malo omwe amafunidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha mlongoti. Mawonekedwe a ma radiation a antenna, kutalika kwake, ndi komwe akupita, zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira malo omwe amawululira, ndipo ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pakuwulutsa.

5. Zolepheretsa Bajeti: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga imakhala ndi mtengo wosiyanasiyana, kotero zovuta za bajeti zingafunike kuganiziridwa posankha mlongoti. Ma Monopole ndi dipole antennas nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo kuposa malupu kapena tinyanga zolunjika.

Nthawi zambiri, posankha mlongoti wowulutsa wa AM wa chowulutsira chokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kusankha mlongoti womwe umafanana ndi ma frequency a transmitter, malo omwe amafunidwa, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito zoulutsira mawu atha kuthandizira kudziwa mlongoti woyenera kwambiri kutengera izi komanso malingaliro ena aukadaulo.
Ndi ziphaso ziti zomwe zimafunikira pakumanga dongosolo la ma wave antenna?
Ziphaso zomwe zimafunikira kuti mukhazikitse makina amtundu wa antenna apakati pa wayilesi yapakati amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe wowulutsirayo ali komanso malamulo oyendetsera mawayilesi amderali. Komabe, ziphaso zina zomwe zingafunike m'maiko ambiri ndi izi:

1. License: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito station wave wave, muyenera kulembetsa chilolezo cha FCC ku United States, laisensi ya CRTC ku Canada, kapena laisensi ya Ofcom ku UK, kutengera komwe muli. Layisensiyi imavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi a wailesi ndipo imapereka malangizo pazaukadaulo pa wayilesiyo, kuphatikiza kachitidwe ka tinyanga.

2. Chiphaso cha Professional: Chitsimikizo chaukatswiri, monga choperekedwa ndi Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE), chingathandize kuwonetsa ukatswiri pantchitoyo ndikuwonjezera kukhulupirika ngati katswiri pamakampani.

3. Satifiketi Yachitetezo: Satifiketi yachitetezo ikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi chidziwitso komanso maphunziro oyenera kuti muzigwira ntchito motetezeka m'malo owopsa, monga pokwera nsanja.

4. Satifiketi Yamagetsi: Satifiketi yamagetsi ikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi chidziwitso ndi maphunziro oyenera kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndi kukonza makina amagetsi, kuphatikiza makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika tinyanga.

5. Satifiketi Yoyambira: Kuti mutsimikizire kukhazikika koyenera, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi satifiketi yoyambira, yosonyeza kuti mukumvetsetsa momwe mungayikitsire dongosolo la mlongoti ndi zida zomwe zikugwirizana nazo.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti malamulo ndi ziphaso zimasiyana malinga ndi dziko ndi dera, ndipo ndikofunikira kufufuza malamulo ndi malamulo a m'deralo kuti mudziwe zofunikira kuti mukhazikitse dongosolo lathunthu la mlongoti wapakati pa siteshoni yapakati.
Kodi njira yonse ya mlongoti wapakatikati kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kuyikika ndi chiyani?
Njira yopangira ndikuyika mlongoti wapakati pawayilesi imatha kukhala ndi magawo angapo, kuphatikiza izi:

1. Kapangidwe: Njirayi imayamba ndi mapangidwe a antenna kutengera zosowa zenizeni za wayilesi. Mapangidwewo aziganiziranso zinthu monga malo ofikira, zofunikira zamayendedwe, ndi ma frequency band kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.

2. Kupanga: Kapangidwe kake kakamalizidwa, mlongoti umapangidwa. Kapangidwe kake kamadalira mtundu wa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ndipo zingaphatikizepo kupanga zida zapadera monga zowunikira kapena zoteteza.

3. Kuyesedwa: Kupanga kukamaliza, mlongotiyo udzayesedwa kuti uwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi mapangidwe ake. Kuyezetsa kungaphatikizepo kuyeza kusakhazikika kwa tinyanga, kupindula, ndi mawonekedwe a radiation.

4. Kutumiza: Mlongotiyo ikadutsa gawo loyesera, imatumizidwa ku wayilesi kuti ikayikidwe.

5. Kuyika: Kukhazikitsako kudzaphatikizapo kuyika mlongoti pamalo a wayilesiyo. Izi zingaphatikizepo kumanga nsanja kapena kuyika mlongoti pamalo omwe alipo monga nyumba. Kuyikapo kungaphatikizeponso kukhazikitsa dongosolo la pansi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.

6. Zosintha: Pambuyo poyika mlongoti, kusintha kungafunike kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha kutalika kwa mlongoti kapena mbali yake kapena kukonza chofananira nacho.

7. Kusamalira: Pomaliza, kukonza ndi kuyang'anira mlongoti nthawi zonse kudzakhala kofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirabe ntchito bwino pakapita nthawi. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kuyezetsa kwakanthawi ndikusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito, monga kusintha kwanyengo kapena zomangamanga zapafupi.

Mwachidule, njira yopangira ndi kukhazikitsa antenna yapakati imaphatikizapo magawo angapo, kuyambira kupanga ndi kupanga mpaka kuyesa, kutumiza, kuyika, kusintha, ndi kukonza kosalekeza. Gawo lirilonse ndilofunika kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tawailesi ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Kodi mumasunga bwanji mlongoti wapakati?
Kukonzekera koyenera kwa mlongoti wapakati ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino pakapita nthawi. Nazi njira zabwino zosungira mlongoti wapakati:

1. Kuwunika pafupipafupi: Mlongoti uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati wawonongeka kapena wawonongeka. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'ana dzimbiri, zolumikizira zotayirira, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi monga zowunikira kapena zoteteza. Ndikofunikira kukonza zovuta zilizonse zomwe zapezeka mwachangu zisanadzetse zovuta zazikulu pambuyo pake.

2. Kuyeretsa: Dothi, zinyalala, ndi zonyansa zina zimatha kukhazikika pamwamba pa mlongoti, ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe ake. Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kungathandize kuchotsa zonyansazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma siginecha akuyenda bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa kapena kutsuka kwamadzi pang'ono kuti muyeretse bwino mlongoti popanda kuwononga.

3. Kukonza dongosolo la pansi: Dongosolo lapansi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la mlongoti, lomwe limapereka njira yochepetsera mphamvu kuti mphamvu ya RF ibwererenso ku transmitter. Yang'anani dongosolo lokhazikitsira pansi kuti muwonetsetse kuti likulumikizidwa bwino komanso lili bwino. Ndodo zapansi ziyenera kukhala zopanda dzimbiri ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi kuti nthaka isamangike.

4. Zosintha: M'kupita kwa nthawi, kusintha kwa chilengedwe chozungulira mlongoti kungakhudze ntchito yake. Kusintha kwa kutalika kwa mlongoti, mayendedwe ake, kapena kufanana kwake kungakhale kofunikira kuti mugwire bwino ntchito. Katswiri woyenerera ayenera kuchita izi.

5. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi: Kuyesa kwanthawi zonse kwa kagwiridwe ka mlongoti n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kuwonetsetse kuti ma siginecha akuyenda bwino. Kuyeza kulephera kwa mlongoti, kupindula, ndi mawonekedwe a radiation kumatha kuthandizira kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera mwachangu kusweka kwa wayilesiyi kusanakhudzidwe.

Potsatira njira zabwinozi, mlongoti wapakati wozungulira ukhoza kusamalidwa bwino, kupereka ntchito yabwino ndikutalikitsa moyo wake wothandiza.
Kodi mungakonze bwanji mlongoti wapakati ngati walephera kugwira ntchito?
Ngati mlongoti wapakati umalephera kugwira ntchito, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingaseweredwe, monga chigawo chowonongeka, kulumikizidwa kosagwirizana, kapena vuto ndi dongosolo loyambira. Nayi njira wamba yokonza mlongoti wapakati wamafunde:

1. Onani mlongoti: Yang'anirani mlongoti kuti muwone ngati pali kuwonongeka kulikonse, monga chinthu chosweka, chotchingira chowonongeka, kapena chigawo chambiri. Samalani chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chawonongeka kapena chosapezeka.

2. Onani mayendedwe amagetsi: Yang'anani mayendedwe onse amagetsi kuti musalumikizidwe kapena zimbiri. Zolumikizira zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa.

3. Yesani mlongoti: Gwiritsani ntchito chowunikira cha mlongoti kapena zida zina zoyesera kuti muyeze kutsekeka kwa mlongoti, kupindula, kuwonetsera kokwanira, ndi zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito. Izi zimathandiza kudzipatula ngati vuto liri ndi cheza cha mlongoti, kufanana kwake kofananira kapena chingwe chopatsira.

4. Kuthetsa dongosolo la mlongoti: Ngati vutolo silingathe kudzipatula ku mlongoti wokha, dongosolo la mlongoti liyenera kufufuzidwa. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kusanthula chowulutsira, chingwe chotumizira, ndi njira yoyambira pansi.

5. Konzani zofunika: Vuto likakhala lapadera, konzani koyenera. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kusintha zida zowonongeka, kukonza zolumikizira, kapena kusintha kutalika kwa mlongoti kapena komwe kumayendera, kapena kufananiza kwa mlongoti.

6. Yesani mlongoti wokonzedwa: Zokonzazo zikachitika, yesani dongosolo lokonzedwanso kuti muwonetsetse kuti likugwira ntchito moyenera. Ndikoyenera kuchita zoyezetsa kuti muone momwe malo olandirira alendo alili.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukonza mlongoti wa sing'anga yoweyula kungakhale njira yovuta ndipo kumafuna ntchito za katswiri yemwe ali ndi chilolezo chokhala ndi luso lofunikira komanso chidziwitso kuti azindikire vuto ndi kukonza zofunikira. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi chisamaliro, komabe, mlongoti wapakati wozungulira ukhoza kupereka mauthenga odalirika, apamwamba kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Ndi ziyeneretso ziti za mainjiniya zomwe zimafunikira pakumanga dongosolo la ma wave antenna?
Ziyeneretso zomwe zimafunikira kuti mukhazikitse dongosolo lathunthu la tinyanga tating'onoting'ono pamayendedwe apakati amatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kukula kwa siteshoni, zovuta zamakina a tinyanga, komanso malamulo ndi zofunikira zakomweko. Komabe, kawirikawiri, ziyeneretso zotsatirazi zimafunikira:

1. Maphunziro: Digiri yaukadaulo wamagetsi kapena magawo ofananirako monga kulumikizana ndi wailesi, uinjiniya wapawayilesi, kapena matelefoni atha kukhala chuma.

2. Zochitika Pamakampani: Kupanga ndi kukonza kachitidwe ka tinyanga tating'onoting'ono kumafunikira luso lothandizira pawailesi, machitidwe a tinyanga, ndi uinjiniya wa RF.

3. Chitsimikizo: Chitsimikizo ndi mabungwe oyenerera amakampani, monga Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE), angafunikire kutsimikizira ukadaulo wanu pantchitoyi.

4. Kudziwa malamulo ndi malamulo oyenera: Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira malamulo am'deralo ndi mabungwe olamulira, monga FCC yaku United States kapena Ofcom ku United Kingdom.

5. Kudziwa zamapulogalamu opangira uinjiniya: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera monga MATLAB, COMSOL ndi Autocad ndikofunikira pakupanga dongosolo lathunthu la tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.

6. Kuthekera kwakuthupi: Kutha kukwera nsanja ndikugwira ntchito m'malo ofunikira akunja ndikofunikira kwambiri, poganizira momwe ntchitoyo ilili.

Mwachidule, kuti mukhazikitse dongosolo lathunthu la tinyanga tating'ono tating'onoting'ono, muyenera kukhala ndi maphunziro oyenera, luso lamakampani, chiphaso, chidziwitso cha malamulo ndi malamulo, chidziwitso cha mapulogalamu opangira uinjiniya, komanso luso lakuthupi. Ndikofunikiranso kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso pazomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso matekinoloje am'munda.
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