Shortwave Antenna

A mlongoti wa shortwave (SW mlongoti) kapena mlongoti wa skywave ndi mtundu wa mlongoti wa ma frequency (HF) omwe amapangidwa kuti azigwira ma frequency angapo otchedwa shortwave. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku 1.6 MHz mpaka 30 MHz. Mlongoti wa shortwave umagwira ntchito potembenuza ma siginecha a RF kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi omwe amatha kukulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi wolandila.

 

Onerani makanema athu opangira 10kW AM omwe ali pamalowo ku Cabanatuan, Philippines:

 

 

Pali mitundu ingapo ya tinyanga ta shortwave, kuphatikiza tinyanga tawaya, tinyanga ta dipole, tinyanga zoyimirira, tinyanga ta loop, ndi zina zambiri. Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe ka mlongoti uliwonse ukhoza kusiyana malingana ndi zinthu monga kutalika kwake, kaonekedwe kake, ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poipanga.

 

Ma antenna a Shortwave atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

 

  1. Kuwulutsa: Ma antenna a Shortwave nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi owulutsa pawailesi kufalitsa ma siginecha patali. Chifukwa chakuti mawilo a mafunde afupiafupi amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, amakhala othandiza kwambiri kukafika kumadera akutali a dziko lapansi.
  2. Wailesi yamasewera: Nyanga za Shortwave ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi osaphunzira, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito polumikizana ndi okonda wailesi ena padziko lonse lapansi.
  3. Mauthenga ankhondo: Ma antenna a Shortwave amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikizana ndi asitikali, makamaka kumadera akutali kapena pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
  4. Zanyengo: Ma antenna a Shortwave amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kumabaluni a nyengo ndi zida zina, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zolosera zanyengo.
  5. Kafukufuku wasayansi: Ma antennas a Shortwave amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza zasayansi, makamaka pophunzira za ionosphere yapadziko lapansi ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

 

Ponseponse, tinyanga ta ma shortwave zimapereka njira zosunthika komanso zodalirika zolankhulirana mtunda wautali. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kuli kofunika makamaka pamene njira zachikhalidwe zoyankhulirana sizingapambane, ndipo zikupitirizabe kukhala gawo lofunikira la machitidwe amakono olankhulirana.

Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya tinyanga ta ma shortwave?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono ta malonda, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni komanso ntchito zake. Nayi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri:

1. Dipole Antennas: Mlongoti wa dipole ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamawayilesi amfupi ndi mawayilesi amateur. Amakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zoyendera za kutalika kofanana zomwe zimadyetsedwa pakati ndi chingwe chotumizira. Antenna ya dipole ndiyosavuta kupanga ndipo imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kukula kwake.

2. Lupu Antennas: Antenna ya loop ndi kondakitala wozungulira kapena wamakona omwe amadyetsedwa pamalo amodzi kapena angapo motalika. Ma Loop antennas ndi olunjika ndipo amatha kuchita bwino pamagawo ena afupipafupi.

3. Tinyanga za Yagi: Ma antennas a Yagi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma antennas, amakhala ndi chinthu choyendetsedwa (dipole kapena chopindika) ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo za parasitic zomwe zimakonzedwa motsatira boom. Iwo ali olunjika kwambiri ndipo angapereke kupindula kwakukulu ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri mumayendedwe apadera.

4. Log Periodic Antennas: Antenna ya log periodic imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo za dipole zomwe zimachulukitsidwa pang'onopang'ono zomwe zimakonzedwa motsatira dongosolo lothandizira. Amapangidwa kuti azipereka kufalitsa pafupipafupi ndi kupindula kofanana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzasayansi ndi kafukufuku.

5. Parabolic Antennas: Mlongoti wa parabolic uli ndi mbale yopindika yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana mafunde amagetsi pa mlongoti waung'ono (wotchedwa chakudya). Iwo ali olunjika kwambiri ndipo angapereke kupindula kwakukulu ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri mumayendedwe apadera.

6. Ma Radiators Oyimirira: Mlongoti wamtunduwu umakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chachitali chomwe chimakhazikika pansi ndikudyetsedwa ndi chingwe chopatsira pamwamba. Ma radiators ofukula ndi amnidirectional ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pama foni am'manja kapena kunyamula.

Mtundu uliwonse wa mlongoti umapangidwa kuti upereke mawonekedwe apadera amtundu winawake. Kusankhidwa kwa mlongoti wa siteshoni ya shortwave kumatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza malo omwe alipo, kufalikira kwafupipafupi komwe kumafunidwa, komanso kupindula kofunikira. Mlongotiyo nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri opanga tinyanga kapena akatswiri, omwe amaonetsetsa kuti mlongotiwo ukugwirizana bwino ndi chowulutsira komanso kuti imatha kutulutsa mphamvu ya siteshoni.
Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya tinyanga ta ogula ma shortwave?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma antennas afupikitsa a ogula, iliyonse idapangidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso magwiridwe antchito. Nayi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri:

1. Tinyanga za Chikwapu: Tinyanga ta zikwapu ndi tinyanga tating'ono, tosinthasintha tomwe timapezeka pa zolandilira ma shortwave. Iwo ndi omnidirectional ndipo safuna thandizo lililonse lakunja kuti agwire ntchito. Ndizosavuta kunyamula ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi kunja.

2. Tinyanga za Waya: Tinyanga tawaya timakhala ndi utali wa waya womwe umangiriridwa pakati pa zogwiriziza ziwiri, monga mitengo. Ndizosavuta kupanga ndipo zimatha kukhala zogwira mtima zikayikidwa bwino.

3. Maginito Loop Antennas: Tinyanga ta maginito timagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha waya chomwe chimazunguliridwa ndi maginito. Amakhala olunjika kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchita bwino pamagawo ena afupipafupi.

4. Tinyanga Zoyimirira: Tinyanga zoyimirira zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chachitali chomwe chimakhazikika pansi ndikudyetsedwa ndi chingwe chotumizira pamwamba. Ndi omnidirectional ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama foni am'manja kapena kunyamula.

5. Discone Antennas: Ma discone antennas ndi tinyanga zotambalala zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawayilesi amateur ndipo amapezeka nthawi zambiri pama scanner.

6. Tinyanga za Ground Plane: Tinyanga tapansi panthaka timakhala ndi chinthu choyima chomangidwira kumagulu apansi. Iwo ali omnidirectional kwambiri ndipo amatha kupereka ntchito yabwino pa bajeti yochepa.

Mtundu uliwonse wa antenna wamfupi wa ogula amapangidwa kuti azipereka mawonekedwe apadera pamagawo enaake. Kusankhidwa kwa mlongoti kumatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza malo omwe alipo, kufalikira kwafupipafupi komwe kumafunidwa, komanso kupindula kofunikira. Tinyanga za ogula nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuziyika ndikuzisamalira kuposa tinyanga zamalonda ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malonda ndi ogula antenna afupiafupi?
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa tinyanga tawayilesi tofupikitsa pazamalonda ndi tinyanga tawayilesi tofupikitsa ogula:

1. Kukula: Mawayilesi a shortwave amtundu wa malonda ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa mawailesi a shortwave omwe amalandila mawayilesi. Amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito zapamwamba zamagetsi, amafunikira makina okulirapo, ndipo amapangidwira kuyika panja. Mawayilesi olandila mawayilesi afupikitsa a Consumer-level shortwave ndi ophatikizika ndipo adapangidwa kuti aziyika kunyumba kapena mafoni.

2. Maonekedwe: Tinyanga tawayilesi tawayilesi yazamalonda nthawi zambiri ndi nsanja kapena mizere ikuluikulu yopingasa yokhala ndi anyamata ndi tinyanga zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Mawailesi afupikitsa a kasitomala omwe amalandila tinyanga nthawi zambiri amakhala dipole, loop, kapena mlongoti wa chikwapu wopanda mawaya amunthu kapena zida zina zowoneka.

3. Kulemera kwake: Tinyanga zotumizira mawayilesi amtundu wamalonda ndizolemera kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira zozikika zokulirapo, pomwe mawayilesi olandila mawayilesi amtundu wa ogula ndi opepuka ndipo amatha kuyikika padenga laling'ono kapena masitepe atatu.

4. Mtengo: Mawayilesi otumizira mawayilesi amtundu wamalonda ndiokwera mtengo chifukwa cha kukula kwake, zovuta zake, komanso zida zomangira. Komano, mawayilesi amtundu wa shortwave amalandila ma antennas nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo.

5. Mapulogalamu: Tinyanga tawayilesi tawayilesi tating'onoting'ono timene timagwiritsa ntchito polumikizana ndi mawu komanso kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali. Mawayilesi olandila mawayilesi afupikitsa a Consumer-level amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kumvetsera ndi kulankhulana payekha ndipo samapereka kuchuluka ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira polumikizana ndi malonda.

6. Magwiridwe: Tinyanga tawayilesi tawayilesi tamalonda adapangidwa kuti azitulutsa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri komanso kutumizirana maulumikizidwe odalirika patali patali ndicholinga cholumikizirana ndi kuwulutsa. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ma antennas olandila mawayilesi amtundu wa ogula kumakhazikika pakulandila ma siginecha ofooka pamipata yaifupi pofuna kumvetsera komanso kulankhulana.

7. Kapangidwe: Tinyanga tawayilesi tawayilesi tating'onoting'ono nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pansanja zazikulu zachitsulo kapena masiteti omwe amafunikira kuyika mwaukadaulo, pomwe tinyanga tawayilesi ta shortwave timapangidwira kuti tiyike mosavuta panyumba yaying'ono, monga denga kapena katatu.

8. pafupipafupi: Tinyanga tawayilesi tawayilesi tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tapangidwa kuti tizigwira ntchito pafupipafupi, kaya pawailesi yakanema kapena kuyankhulana molunjika. Mawayilesi olandila mawayilesi afupikitsa ogula amapangidwa kuti azilandira ma frequency osiyanasiyana.

9. Kuyika, kukonza, ndi kukonza: Kuyika, kukonza, ndi kukonza tinyanga zotumizira mawayilesi a shortwave pazamalonda ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa mawayilesi amtundu wa shortwave omwe amalandila mawayilesi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna zida zapadera ndi akatswiri pakuyika, kukonza, ndi kukonza. Mawayilesi olandila mawayilesi afupikitsa a ogula ndi osavuta kuyiyika, ndipo kukonza ndi kukonza nthawi zambiri kumatha kuchitika ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Mwachidule, tinyanga zotumizira mawayilesi a shortwave pazamalonda zidapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukadaulo, zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo zimafunikira kuwongolera akatswiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma antennas olandila mawayilesi amtundu wa ogula ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito payekha ndikuyika, kukonza, ndi kukonza zosavuta.
Kodi mlongoti woweyula waufupi ungakwiririre bwanji?
Kuphimba kwa mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda kumatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza ma frequency osiyanasiyana, kutulutsa mphamvu kwa transmitter, kutalika ndi masinthidwe a antenna, komanso mlengalenga. Njira yotumizira masiteshoni a shortwave yamalonda imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera izi ndipo imatha kuchoka pamakilomita mazana angapo mpaka masauzande angapo.

Kuphimba kwakukulu kwa mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a radiation, komwe ndi komwe kumayendera chizindikiro cha mlongoti. Ma antenna ambiri amafupikitsidwa amapangidwa kuti azipereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kapena ocheperako, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti siginecha imawulutsidwa mbali zonse kuchokera ku mlongoti. Komabe, nthawi zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito tinyanga zolunjika kapena m'mapiri, kuwulutsa kungathe kukhala kochepa kapena kolunjika.

Pali njira zingapo zosinthira kuwulutsa kwa mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda. Nazi njira zingapo zodziwika bwino:

1. Wonjezerani kutalika kwa mlongoti: Kukwera kwa mlongoti kumakwera, ndipamene chizindikiro chake chidzafika. Kuchulukitsa kutalika kwa mlongoti kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kusiyanasiyana ndi kufalikira kwa chizindikiro cha shortwave.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito cholumikizira champhamvu kwambiri: Powonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya transmitter, mphamvu ya siginecha yowulutsa imatha kuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo okulirapo.

3. Gwiritsani ntchito chochunira mlongoti: Kufananiza kutsekeka kwa mlongoti ndi wotumizira kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kusamutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma sign, ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa ma sign.

4. Gwiritsani ntchito mlongoti wabwinoko: Kugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri wopangidwira ma frequency angapo amatha kusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe azizindikiro ndi malo ofikira.

5. Konzani kasinthidwe ka mlongoti: Kusintha kasinthidwe ka mlongoti kuti ukhale wogwira mtima kwambiri kumadalira zinthu zaumisiri monga polarization ya mafunde, kapena posintha masinthidwe a magawo ake.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zosintha zilizonse zomwe zingachitike pamakina amtundu wa shortwave antenna zitha kukhudza kwambiri momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndipo zingafunike ukadaulo wapadera. Nthawi zonse ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi akatswiri opanga tinyanga tating'ono kapena akatswiri musanapange zosintha zilizonse panjira yamalonda ya mlongoti wa shortwave.
Kodi tsatanetsatane wofunikira kwambiri wa mlongoti wamfupi wa wave wave ndi uti?
Mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi ma RF a antenna ya shortwave yamalonda ndizinthu zofunika zomwe zimatsimikizira momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso kugwira ntchito kwake. Nazi zina mwazodziwika bwino zakuthupi komanso za RF za mlongoti wamalonda wa shortwave:

1. Mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana: Kuchuluka kwa ma frequency kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe mlongoti umapangidwira kuti uzitha kuphimba ndikutumiza. Ma frequency osiyanasiyana amatha kuchoka pa kilohertz zingapo mpaka ma megahertz angapo.

2. Kulepheretsa Kulowetsa: Kulowetsedwa kwa mlongoti wa shortwave kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kukana komwe mlongoti uli nawo pakuyenda kwamagetsi. Tinyanga zokhala ndi zopinga zambiri zitha kufunikira kufananitsa kapena kuwongolera kuti muyitanitse kachitidwe ka tinyanga kuti kagwire ntchito bwino.

3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwambiri: Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwirira ntchito kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe mlongoti ungagwire popanda kuwononga zigawo zake. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mlongoti mkati mwa njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kuti muteteze kuwonongeka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.

4. Kapangidwe ka Ma radiation: Ma radiation a antenna amafotokozera momwe ma radiation ake amayendera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga imakhala ndi ma radiation osiyanasiyana kuyambira kolowera kupita kopanda mbali.

5. Phindu: Kupindula kwa mlongoti ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya siginecha yomwe imaperekedwa ku mlongoti ndi chotumizira, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ikaperekedwa ku mlongoti wa isotropic (yomwe imawonekera mofanana mbali zonse).

6. Polarization: Polarization ya antenna imatanthawuza kuyang'ana kwa gawo lamagetsi la mafunde otenthedwa pokhudzana ndi ndege yapansi. Mitundu itatu ya polarization ndi yopingasa, yoyima, ndi yozungulira.

7. Zomangamanga: Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mlongoti zimatha kukhudza momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso kulimba kwake. Zida zodziwika bwino ndi aluminiyamu, chitsulo, waya wamkuwa, ndi magalasi a fiberglass.

8. Kuwongolera: Kuwongolera kumawonetsa komwe kumayendera komwe kumayendera ma radiation ochulukirapo a mlongoti. Imatchulidwa ngati ntchito ya azimuthal komanso nthawi zambiri ma angles okwera. Kukwera kwachindunji kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri ndikufalitsa mazizindikiro munjira yomwe mukufuna.

Izi ndi zina zimatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi mphamvu ya mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda, ndipo ndikofunikira kuganizira izi posankha mlongoti wa pulogalamu inayake. Akatswiri opanga tinyanga tating'ono kapena akatswili atha kuthandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a mlongoti ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi mawonekedwe a mlongoti wamfupi wozungulira ndi wotani?
Kodi mapangidwe a antenna afupiafupi amalonda ndi ati?

Kwa ma Antenna amfupi a Dipole:

Dipole Antennas ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamawayilesi amfupi ndi mawayilesi amateur. Kumanga kwawo kumakhala kosavuta ndipo kumafuna zinthu ziwiri zoyendetsera kutalika zofanana zomwe zimadyetsedwa pakati ndi chingwe chotumizira. Nawa mawonekedwe a Dipole Antenna yaifupi yamalonda:

1. Central Feed Point: Dipole Antenna imadyetsedwa pakati ndi chingwe chotumizira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chingwe cha coaxial chomwe chimapereka mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku transmitter kupita ku mlongoti.

2. Conductive Elements: Zinthu ziwiri zoyendetsera zinthuzi ndi zazitali ziwiri zofanana za waya kapena zinthu zina zoyendetsera, monga aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa, zomwe zimapanga mlongoti wa dipole. Kutalika kwa zinthu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency a siginecha yopatsirana ndipo malo awo amatengera mtundu womwe mukufuna.

3. Baluni: Balun nthawi zambiri imakhala thiransifoma yomwe imafanana ndi kusakhazikika kwa chingwe cha coaxial kupita ku impedance yoyenera yazinthu za dipole. The Balun angathandizenso kuchepetsa phokoso ndi maginito kusokoneza.

4. Mapangidwe Othandizira: Dipole Antenna nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamapangidwe othandizira, omwe amatha kukhala nsanja yachitsulo kapena mtengo wamatabwa kapena fiberglass. Kapangidwe kake kayenera kukhala kokwezeka kokwanira kuti mlongoti ukhale kutali ndi mitengo, nyumba, ndi zopinga zina zomwe zingasokoneze chizindikiro.

5. Bracing and Guy Waya: Pofuna kuthandizira mapangidwewo ndikukhala okhazikika, mawaya a bracing ndi anyamata amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mawaya a anyamata ndi zingwe zomangika zomwe zimamangirira kapangidwe ka mlongoti pansi.

6. Zoteteza: Ma insulators amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aletse ma conductive zinthu kuti zisakhumane komanso kufupikitsa mlongoti. Ma insulators amatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kupanga mitundu yambiri.

Dipole Antenna ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza ya antenna yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pawayilesi wamafupi komanso mawayilesi amateur. Ndi njira yotsika mtengo yomwe imapereka phindu lapakati mpaka kumtunda kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera kutalika kwake. Dipole Antennas zitha kusinthidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zopingasa, zoyima, kapena zotsetsereka, ndipo zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri opanga tinyanga kapena akatswiri.

Kwa ma Antenna amfupi a Loop:

Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi waya wolumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira. Lupulo likhoza kukhala lozungulira, lalikulu, kapena lozungulira, ndipo nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi machubu amkuwa kapena aluminiyamu kapena waya. Tuning capacitor imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isinthe kamvekedwe ka mlongoti, ndikupangitsa kuti iwunikire ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Capacitor ikhoza kukhala yosinthika kapena yokhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo otchingidwa ndi nyengo pamodzi ndi loop. Ma antennas ena a loop amaphatikizanso ndi amplifier kuti alimbikitse mphamvu ya siginecha. Gulu lonselo likhoza kuikidwa pa pedestal kapena mast, ndipo tinyanga tating'ono ta malonda tithanso kukhala ndi chozungulira kuti chilole kuwongolera kolunjika.

Kwa ma Yagi Antennas amfupi:

Ma antenna afupiafupi a Yagi amalonda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo loyendetsedwa ndi dipole ndi zinthu zingapo za parasitic zomwe zimakonzedwa motsatira boom wamba. Chinthu cha dipole chimadyetsedwa ndi chingwe cha coaxial, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofanana ndi boom. Zinthu za parasitic zimapangidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo kapena machubu ndipo ndizocheperako kuposa gawo la dipole. Amakhala ndi mipata yolondola motsatira boom ndipo amalumikizidwa ku mzere wa chakudya kudzera munjira yofananira maukonde ndi owongolera. Owongolera amayikidwa kutsogolo kwa gawo la dipole ndikugwira ntchito kuti awonjezere phindu ndi kuwongolera kutsogolo. Chinthu chowonetsera chimakhala kuseri kwa dipole ndipo chimathandiza kuwonetsera ndi kuyang'ana chizindikiro kutsogolo. Msonkhano wonsewo umayikidwa pamtengo kapena nsanja ndipo sungaphatikizepo rotor kapena njira ina yowongolera. Nyanga zamalonda za Yagi zitha kuphatikizanso zina monga zinthu zosinthika kuti zitheke bwino, kuletsa nyengo, ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zikhale zolimba.

Kwa mafunde afupiafupi a Log Periodic Antennas:

Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tamalonda nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zoyendetsedwa ndi zowunikira zomwe zimasanjidwa mwadongosolo la geometric motsatira boom. Zinthuzo zimapangidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo kapena machubu ndipo zimatalika pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa boom, ndi chinthu chachifupi kwambiri chomwe chili pafupi ndi malo odyetserako chakudya. Mtunda pakati pa zinthu zoyandikana ndi utali wa chinthu chilichonse adapangidwa kuti alole mlongoti kuti azigwira ntchito pama frequency osiyanasiyana. Zinthuzo nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi chingwe cha coaxial chomwe chimayenda motsatira boom ndikulumikizana ndi ma baluns kapena zogawa mphamvu zomwe zimagawaniza chizindikiro pakati pa zinthu. Zinthu zowonetsera zili kumapeto kwa boom moyang'anizana ndi malo odyetserako ndikugwira ntchito kuti ziwonetsere ndikuyang'ana chizindikiro kutsogolo. Msonkhano wonsewo umayikidwa pamtengo kapena nsanja ndipo sungaphatikizepo rotor kapena njira ina yowongolera. Commerce Log Periodic antennas angaphatikizeponso zina monga zinthu zosinthika kuti zitheke bwino, kuletsa nyengo, ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zikhale zolimba.

Kwa ma Antennas a Parabolic wave:

Tinyanga ta malonda a shortwave parabolic amakhala ndi mbale yayikulu yopindika yopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena magalasi a fiberglass omwe amapangidwa ngati parabola. Mbali yokhotakhota ya mbaleyo imakutidwa ndi mauna abwino kapena zokutira zowunikira. Pakatikati pa mbaleyo pali kachidutswa kakang'ono, nyanga ya chakudya kapena mlongoti wa dipole womwe umalumikizidwa ndi chotumizira kapena cholandirira ndi chingwe cha waveguide kapena coaxial. Nyanga ya chakudya ili pakatikati pa chowunikira cha parabolic ndipo idapangidwa kuti iwongolere mafunde a wailesi mumtengo wopapatiza. Kukula kwa mbale kumatsimikizira mayendedwe ndi phindu la mlongoti. Zakudya zazikulu zimapereka kupindula kwakukulu ndi njira, koma zimakhala zovuta kuziyika ndi kuzisamalira. Msonkhano wonsewo umayikidwa pamtengo kapena nsanja ndipo sungaphatikizepo rotor kapena njira ina yowongolera. Tinyanga zamalonda zitha kukhalanso ndi zina monga zinthu zosinthika kuti ziwongoleredwe bwino, kuletsa nyengo, ndi zinthu zosachita dzimbiri kuti zikhale zolimba.

Kwa ma wave Vertical Radiators amfupi:

Ma radiator owoneka ngati mafupipafupi amalonda amakhala ndi waya umodzi, wamtali, woyima kapena mawaya angapo okonzedwa molunjika. Waya (ma) nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana kutalika kutengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Chingwe cha coaxial chimalumikizidwa kumunsi kwa radiator ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa chizindikiro ku mlongoti. Ndege yapansi yokhala ndi mawaya angapo kapena ndodo, kapena netiweki ya ma radial okwiriridwa, itha kuyikidwa pansi pa radiator kuti mulingo wa tinyanga ugwire bwino ntchito. Ndege yapansi imakulitsa mawonekedwe a radiation ya tinyanga ndipo imathandizira kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa zinthu zomwe zili pafupi. Msonkhano wonsewo umayikidwa pamtengo kapena nsanja ndipo sungaphatikizepo rotor kapena njira ina yowongolera. Ma radiator oyimirira amalonda angaphatikizeponso zina monga zinthu zosinthika kuti ziwongoleredwe bwino, kuletsa nyengo, ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zikhale zolimba.
Kodi mlongoti wamfupi wawave uli wofanana ndi mlongoti wa AM broadcast ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tamalonda sizofanana ndi tinyanga za AM, ngakhale mitundu yonse iwiri ya tinyanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira ma siginecha a wailesi mumagulu a ma frequency a longwave ndi ma shortwave. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya tinyanga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe mafunde a wailesi amafalitsidwira.

Ma antenna afupiafupi amalonda adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pamafupipafupi afupipafupi, kuyambira pafupifupi 1.8 MHz mpaka 30 MHz. Tinyanga zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polankhulana mtunda wautali makilomita masauzande ambiri. Mafunde a wailesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mafunde afupiafupi amasinthidwa ndi ionosphere yapadziko lapansi, yomwe imawalola kuyenda mtunda wautali popanda kutengeka ndi mlengalenga.

Kumbali ina, tinyanga za AM broadcaster zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito mumayendedwe apakati, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 540 kHz mpaka 1600 kHz. Tinyangazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka powulutsa m'deralo komanso m'madera. Mosiyana ndi mafunde a wailesi ya shortwave, omwe amasinthidwa ndi ionosphere, mafunde a wailesi ya AM ndi mafunde apansi omwe amafalikira padziko lapansi. Tinyanga zowulutsa za AM nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kuposa tinyanga ta shortwave ndipo zidapangidwa kuti ziziwunikira mbali zonse, m'malo molunjika kwambiri ngati tinyanga ta mafupipafupi.

Chifukwa chake ngakhale pangakhale zofananira pamapangidwe amtundu wa tinyangazi, sizofanana malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, komanso mawonekedwe amafalitsidwe.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chimakhala ndi dongosolo lathunthu la tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono?
Dongosolo lathunthu lamalonda la shortwave antenna nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo zida izi:

1. Kapangidwe ka mlongoti - Tower, mast, kapena mawonekedwe othandizira antenna.

2. Mlongoti - Kutengera ma frequency omwe mukufuna, itha kukhala loop, Yagi, Log Periodic, kapena Parabolic antenna.

3. Mzere wotumizira - Chingwe cha coaxial kapena waveguide chonyamula ma frequency a wailesi kuchokera pa transmitter kupita ku antenna.

4. Baluni - Balun (wosalinganizika-wosasinthika transformer) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi cholepheretsa (kukaniza kuyenda kwa mphamvu yamagetsi) ya chingwe chotumizira kupita ku impedance ya antenna.

5. Chitetezo chamagetsi pamagetsi - Kuteteza chingwe chotumizira ku ma voltage okwera omwe angayambitsidwe ndi static, mphezi, kapena magwero ena.

6. Zida zosinthira - Kuphatikizira chochunira, preselector, kapena fyuluta kuti musinthe kumveka kwa mlongoti komanso kuchepetsa zosokoneza za masiteshoni ena.

7. Amplifiers mphamvu - Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa siginecha yapawayilesi yotsika kuchokera pa transmitter kupita pamlingo wofunikira pa mlongoti.

8. Wotumiza - Zida zomwe zimapanga ndikukulitsa ma siginecha a wailesi.

9. Wowongolera - Kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mlongoti ndi potumiza.

10. Zida zoyatsira pansi - Kupereka njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kuti makina a antenna atetezedwe ku zowonongeka zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutulutsa kosasunthika komanso kugunda kwamphezi.

11. Zida zowunikira mlongoti - Kuti mutsimikizire kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa mlongoti ndi zovuta zowunikira.

12. Zida zoyesera - Kuphatikizira mita ya SWR, mita yamagetsi, spectrum analyzer, ndi zida zina zoyesera zoyezera ndikuyesa mawonekedwe amtundu wa antenna.

13. Zida zoyendetsera kutali - Kuwongolera kwakutali kwadongosolo kuchokera kumalo akutali.

Ponseponse, zida zenizeni zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga makina amtundu wa shortwave antenna zimatengera zofunikira za wayilesi komanso kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe mukufuna. Dongosolo likhoza kukhazikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa ndi zochitika za kukhazikitsa.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kufalikira ndi mtundu wolandirira wa mlongoti wamfupi?
Pali zosiyana zingapo pakati pa tinyanga ta malonda a shortwave radio transmitter ndi kulandira tinyanga:

1. Kukula: Tinyanga zotumizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kukula kwake poyerekeza ndi kulandira tinyanga. Izi ndichifukwa choti amafunikira kupanga ndikuwunikira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yochulukirapo kuti afalitse chizindikirocho pamtunda wautali.

2. Maonekedwe: Ma antennas amatha kuwoneka bwino chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso kutalika kwake. Tinyanga zolandirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono ndipo zimatha kubisika kapena kubisika ngati gawo la nyumbayo.

3. Kulemera kwake: Tinyanga zotumizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera chifukwa cha zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupirira katundu wamphepo yayikulu, madzi oundana ndi chipale chofewa, komanso kuteteza mphezi. Tinyanga zolandirira zimakhala zopepuka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu monga waya kapena aluminiyamu yopepuka.

4. Mtengo: Tinyanga zotumizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi kulandira tinyanga chifukwa cha kukula kwake, zovuta zake, komanso zida zomangira.

5. Mapulogalamu: Ma antennas amagwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa, kutumiza matelefoni, komanso kulumikizana mwadzidzidzi. Tinyanga zolandirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kufalikira kwa wailesi, kumvetsera mwachisangalalo, ndi ntchito zina zomwe cholinga chachikulu ndicho kulandira ma sigino.

6. Magwiridwe: Ma antennas otumizira amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawalola kutumizira ma sign patali. Kulandira tinyanga kumakhala ndi kukhudzika kwakukulu, komwe kumawathandiza kuti atenge zizindikiro zofooka zomwe zili kutali.

7. Kapangidwe: Ma antennas amatha kuyikidwa pansanja, mitengo, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zithandizire kulemera kwake komanso kupirira katundu wamphepo. Tinyanga zolandirira zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga nyumba, mitengo, kapena ma seti onyamula.

8. pafupipafupi: Ma antenna amapangidwa kuti azitumiza ma siginecha pamafurifoni apadera omwe amaperekedwa kuti aziwulutsa kapena kutumizirana matelefoni. Ma antennas olandila amapangidwa kuti azilandila ma siginecha osiyanasiyana.

9. Kuyika, kukonza, ndi kukonza: Kuyika kwa tinyanga zopatsirana ndikokulirapo, komwe kumakhudza zomangamanga, zilolezo, ntchito yamagetsi, ndi kuyendera kosiyanasiyana. Kukonza kumaphatikizapo zochitika zowopsa kwambiri monga kukwera nsanja, ntchito yamagetsi, ndi ndondomeko zotetezera mawailesi. Tinyanga zolandirira sizikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maderawa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhazikitsidwa, kukonzedwa, ndikusamalidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Ponseponse, tinyanga zotumizira ndi zazikulu, zolemera, komanso zokwera mtengo kuposa kulandira tinyanga. Amapangidwa kuti azitumiza ma siginecha pamtunda wautali kuti azitha kuwulutsa, kutumizirana matelefoni, ndi kulumikizana mwadzidzidzi. Kumbali ina, kulandira tinyanga ndi zazing'ono, zopepuka, komanso zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mawayilesi, kumvetsera mwachisangalalo, ndi ntchito zina zomwe kulandira ma siginecha ndiko cholinga chachikulu.
Chifukwa chiyani mlongoti wamfupi wapamwamba kwambiri uli wofunikira pa wayilesi yaifupi?
Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri wamalonda wa shortwave ndi wofunikira pa wayilesi ya shortwave chifukwa ndiyo njira yoyamba yofalitsira ma wayilesi mtunda wautali. Ubwino wa mlongoti wa wayilesiyo umakhudza mphamvu ya wayilesiyo, kuchuluka kwake, komanso kumveka bwino, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuchita bwino kwa wayilesiyo.

Nazi zina mwazifukwa zomwe mlongoti wapamwamba wamalonda wa shortwave uli wofunikira pawayilesi yamalonda ya shortwave:

1. Mphamvu ya siginecha: Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa kuti azifalitsa kapena kulandira mawayilesi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chizindikiro champhamvu. Popanda chizindikiro champhamvu, omvera a wayilesiyo achepa chifukwa mawuwo sangamveke bwino kwa omvera.

2. Mtundu: Ma antennas apamwamba amapangidwa kuti azifalitsa mawayilesi akutali. Mlongoti wabwino ukhoza kufika mtunda wautali popanda kufunikira kwa mphamvu zowonjezera zotumizira zomwe zingapangitse kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke komanso zovuta zoyendetsera ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukulitsa kuchuluka komwe kumathandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri.

3. Kumveka: Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro, phokoso, ndi zosokoneza zina zomwe zimakhudza kumveka kwa chizindikiro. Izi ndizofunikira kuti omvera azitha kumvetsera bwino. Kwa wayilesi, kumveketsa bwino ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kusunga omvera ndikudzipangira mbiri.

4. Kutsika mtengo: Mlongoti wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kupulumutsa ndalama pochepetsa kufunikira kwa magetsi owonjezera otumizira, omwe amatha kuwononga magetsi ambiri ndikubweretsa mavuto olamulira. Poyerekeza ndi zida zina zofunika pa wailesi, mtengo wa antenna wapamwamba nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika.

Pomaliza, antenna yapamwamba kwambiri yotsatsa malonda ndi gawo lofunikira pawayilesi iliyonse yamalonda ya shortwave. Ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma siginecha ali ndi mphamvu, kuchuluka, komanso kumveka bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti masiteshoni achite bwino. Kuyika ndalama mu mlongoti wabwino ndi ndalama zanzeru zopangira wailesi, chifukwa zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsera kwa omvera ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Momwe mungasankhire mlongoti wabwino kwambiri wamfupi?
1. Mafupipafupi omwe akuyembekezeka: Ma frequency a antenna a shortwave akuyenera kugwirizana ndi ma frequency a transmitter ya wayilesi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma shortwave mafupipafupi imakhala ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, kotero ndikofunikira kusankha mlongoti womwe umaphimba ma frequency omwe mukufuna kutumiza kapena kulandira. Ma antennas ena amatha kukhala ndi bandwidth yopapatiza, pomwe ena amatha kuphimba ma frequency angapo.

2. Mphamvu zogwirira ntchito: Mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za antenna ziyenera kukwanitsa kutulutsa mphamvu ya transmitter. Ngati chowulutsira chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, sankhani mlongoti wokhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira mphamvu kuti ifanane.

3. Ma radiation: Ma radiation a antenna amatsimikizira komwe ma radiation amawonetsa kwambiri. Posankha mlongoti, ganizirani za malo omwe mukufunikira komanso momwe mawayilesi amatumizira mawayilesi. Pawayilesi yapawayilesi yamalonda, mlongoti wolunjika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako ndi oyenera kuwonetsetsa kulimba kwa siginecha komanso kumveka bwino. Sankhani mlongoti womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe a radiation omwe amagwirizana ndi zosowa zanu. Tinyanga zina zimapanga mawonekedwe a omni-directional, pomwe zina zimapanga njira zolowera kapena zowunikira zomwe zimalunjika kumadera omwe adadziwidwiratu.

4. Kuchita bwino: Sankhani mlongoti wochita bwino kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti mphamvu ya transmitter imafalitsidwa bwino ngati mafunde amagetsi.

5. Kupindula ndi kuwongolera kwa mlongoti: Kupindula kwa mlongoti ndi muyeso wa momwe mlongoti umatha kutumizira kapena kulandira chizindikiro. Kuwongolera kumatsimikizira komwe mlongoti umatumiza kapena kulandira chizindikiro chake chachikulu. Kusankha mlongoti wokhala ndi kupindula kwakukulu komanso kuwongolera kumathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu yazizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza.

6. Kukula: Kukula kwa mlongoti kuyenera kukhala kolingana ndi kutalika kwa siginecha ya wailesi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.

7. kukhazikika: Ma antennas a Shortwave amakumana ndi nyengo yoyipa ndipo amayenera kupirira mphepo yamkuntho, mkuntho, ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Sankhani mlongoti wokhazikika kwambiri komanso wokana dzimbiri.

8. Mtengo: Mtengo wa mlongoti ndi chinthu chofunikira kuganizira. Fufuzani ndikuwunika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu kuti mupeze njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe ikugwirizana ndi bajeti yamasiteshoni.

9. Kutalika kwa mlongoti: Kutalika kwa mlongoti n'kofunika kuti ma siginecha azitha kufalitsa bwino kwambiri, makamaka pakufalikira kwakutali. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwa mlongoti kumabweretsa malo okulirapo. Tinyanga zazitali nthawi zambiri zimapereka kuphimba bwino komanso kusiyanasiyana. Mlongoti uyenera kukwezedwa pamwamba pamtunda momwe ndingathere.

10. Mapangidwe a nsanja ndi chithandizo: Chinsanja cha mlongoti ndi zida zothandizira ziyenera kukhala zazitali zokwanira, mphamvu, ndi kukhazikika kuti zithandizire mlongoti. Kuonjezera apo, dongosolo lapamwamba lapansi ndilofunika kuti ntchito yabwino ndi chitetezo.

11. Ndemanga: Chingwe cholumikizira, kapena chingwe chomwe chimalumikiza mlongoti ndi chotumizira, chimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakutumiza chizindikiro popanda kuvutika ndi kutayika kochepa. Mtundu ndi mtundu wa feedline zingakhudze mphamvu ya chizindikiro ndi khalidwe.

12. Kukonza ndi kukonza: Onetsetsani kuti makina a antenna amawunikidwa bwino ndikusungidwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Ndi ziphaso ziti zomwe zimafunikira pakumanga dongosolo lalifupi la antenna?
Zofunikira pakuwongolera ndi njira zoperekera ziphaso zokhazikitsira kachitidwe ka mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda wama shortwave station amasiyana malinga ndi dziko kapena dera. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala ziphaso ndi zilolezo zingapo zomwe mungafunike kuti mupeze musanayike ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina a shortwave antenna, kuphatikiza:

1. License Yowulutsa Wailesi: M'mayiko ambiri, mudzafunika kupeza chiphatso kuti mugwiritse ntchito malo ochitira malonda a shortwave kuchokera kwa oyang'anira kwanuko. Kuti mupeze laisensiyi, mungafunike kutsata zofunikira zaukadaulo, zachuma komanso zamalamulo.

2. Satifiketi yogawa pafupipafupi: Kutengera ma frequency band yanu ndi dziko kapena dera lomwe mukufuna kugwirira ntchito, mungafunike satifiketi yogawa pafupipafupi kapena chiphaso chogwiritsa ntchito masipekitiramu kuti mugwiritse ntchito wayilesi ya shortwave.

3. Zilolezo Zomanga ndi Kukonzekera: Mungafunike kupeza zilolezo kuchokera kwa maboma kuti mumange kapena kukhazikitsa malo otumizira kapena mlongoti.

4. Kuyang'anira Zokhudza Zachilengedwe: Nthawi zina, mungafunike kuwunika momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera musanayike makina amtundu wa shortwave antenna.

5. Chitsimikizo chaukadaulo: Mungafunike kupeza chiphaso chaukadaulo kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu kuti makina anu a tinyanga amakwaniritsa miyezo yaukadaulo yapadziko lonse lapansi yowulutsira mawayilesi a shortwave.

6. Zitsimikizo Zachitetezo: Mungafunike kupeza ziphaso zachitetezo cha chipangizo chanu cha tinyanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti chikugwirizana ndi malamulo am'deralo komanso chitetezo.

Ndikofunika kukaonana ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira m'dera lanu ndi akatswiri amakampani musanayambe kumanga kanjira ka mlongoti wa shortwave wa shortwave station kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukutsatira malamulo onse oyenera komanso miyezo yachitetezo.
Kodi njira yonse ya mlongoti wa shortwave kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kuyikika ndi chiyani?
Nayi chidule cha njira yopangira ndikuyika mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda wamashortwave station, ngakhale tsatanetsatane wake amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera wopanga ndi zomwe polojekiti ikufuna:

1. Kapangidwe: Wopanga tinyanga tating'onoting'ono adzagwira ntchito ndi kasitomala kuti apange makina a tinyanga omwe amakwaniritsa mphamvu za wayilesi, ma frequency, mawonekedwe a radiation, ndi zomwe zimafunikira pakuwunikira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusanthula madera ozungulira, zomera, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze mayendedwe a wailesi.

2. Kupanga: Mlongoti umapangidwa motengera kapangidwe kake. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kupanga ma antenna, zowunikira, ndi zida zothandizira, ndikuzipaka ndi zida zodzitetezera kuti zipirire ndi zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

3. Ulili Wabwino: Nyaliyo imayesedwa ndikuwunikidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi miyezo yapamwamba. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyesa mayeso angapo kuti mutsimikizire mawonekedwe a radiation, kuyankha pafupipafupi, kufananiza kwa impedance, ndi zisonyezo zina zogwirira ntchito.

4. Kutumiza: Mlongoti umatumizidwa kutsamba la kasitomala, nthawi zambiri m'magawo kuti athe kuyenda mosavuta.

5. Kumanga ndi Kuyika: Mlongoti umasonkhanitsidwa ndikuyikidwa pamalo ochitira malonda a shortwave, ntchito yatsatanetsatane komanso yapadera yomwe imafunikira akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukweza mlongoti kumalo ake osankhidwa, ndiyeno kumangiriza ku mawonekedwe ake othandizira kapena nsanja. Njira yopangira chakudya, dongosolo lapansi, ndi zina zowonjezera zimayikidwanso ndikulumikizidwa ndi mlongoti.

6. Kukonza ndi Kuyesa: Antenna yomwe idayikidwa imasinthidwa ndikuyesedwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zowunikira ndi kuyesa kuyeza momwe mlongoti umagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a radiation, impedance, ndi mphamvu yazizindikiro.

7. Kutumiza: Mlongoti ukangokonzedwa ndikuyesedwa, ukhoza kutumizidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito malonda.

Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukhazikitsa kachitidwe ka antenna ka shortwave ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafunikira ukadaulo ndi zida zapadera. Ndikofunika kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri oyenerera panthawi yonseyi kuti muwonetsetse kuti mlongoti ukukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zoyendetsera ntchito ndikugwira ntchito bwino.
Kodi mumasunga bwanji mlongoti wachidule wozungulira?
Kuti mukhalebe ndi antenna ya shortwave yamalonda kuti igwire bwino ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira izi:

1. Kuyendera Nthawi Zonse - Yang'anani mlongoti kuti muwone ngati akuwonongeka kapena kutha, kuyang'ana maziko a choyikapo, makamaka kukhazikika kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake. Yang'anani kulimba kwa magetsi a systeming system ndikuwonetsetsa kuti yalumikizidwa bwino.

2. Kuyeretsa Nthawi Zonse - Monga pakufunika, yeretsani mlongoti ndi zigawo zake zonse, monga mzere wa chakudya ndi nsanja, ndi burashi yofewa ndi madzi. Osagwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira othamanga kwambiri kapena zotsukira zomwe zingawononge zokutira kapena zinthu za mlongoti.

3. Konzani Zowonongeka - Konzani zomwe zawonongeka pa mlongoti nthawi yomweyo kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuti zisawonongeke.

4. Sintha - Dziwani zakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi zosintha zamalamulo kuti zida zanu ndi njira zokonzetsera zizikhala zoyenera.

5. Kuyesedwa Kwanthawi Zonse - Yesani kuyeserera pafupipafupi kwa mlongoti kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuyesa mawonekedwe a radiation, impedance, ndi mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha mlongoti.

6. Khalanibe ndi Malo Abwino - Dongosolo lapansi ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo la mlongoti, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha zipangizo ndi anthu ku magetsi, choncho ndikofunika kusunga malo oyenera nthawi zonse.

7. Mafuta Oyenera - Pitirizani kusuntha, monga zomangira, zolumikizira, ndi mahinji, zopakidwa mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito kuti musamamatire, dzimbiri, kapena kugwira pakapita nthawi.

Potsatira malangizowa, mutha kukhalabe ndi njira yamalonda ya shortwave antenna kuti igwire bwino ntchito komanso kudalirika. Musazengereze kulumikizana ndi akatswiri oyenerera kuti athane ndi zovuta zokonza kapena kuwonetsetsa ngati mukutsatira malamulo aliwonse.
Kodi mumakonza bwanji mlongoti wachidule wozungulira ngati walephera kugwira ntchito?
Kukonza mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda kumatha kukhala njira yovuta yomwe imafunikira chidziwitso chapadera ndi zida. Ngati njira yanu yamalonda ya shortwave antenna ikulephera kugwira ntchito, nazi njira zomwe mungatenge kuti mudziwe vuto:

1. Sungani zambiri - Musanakonze chilichonse, sonkhanitsani zambiri momwe mungathere kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vuto. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuunikanso zotsatira za mayeso, zolemba zokonza/zolemba, mbiri yanyengo yapafupi, ndi magwero ena ofunikira.

2. Kuyendera - Ngati chomwe chikulephereka sichikuwonekera nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani mosamala mlongoti ndi zida zomwe zikugwirizana nazo ngati zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka, dzimbiri, kapena kung'ambika. Yang'anani zingwe zoyambira pansi ndi zida zolumikizidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti sizinawonongeke.

3. Kuyeza matenda - Gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera zoyezera kuti mupitirize kuzindikira zovuta zilizonse, kuphatikiza zowunikira za antenna, ma elemental metres, ma probes, ndi zida zina kuyesa magawo amtundu wa tinyanga.

4. Pezani chomwe chayambitsa mavuto - Vuto likadziwika, pezani komwe kwayambitsa vuto. Konzani kapena sinthani zida zilizonse zolakwika kapena zolephera, kuphatikiza zida zowonongeka za tinyanga, zolumikizira, kapena zolumikizira.

5. Kuyesanso ndi kusintha - Akakonza, yesaninso mlongoti kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Sinthani machunidwe kuti muwonetsetse kuti mlongoti umagwira ntchito bwino.

6. Zochitika zachilengedwe - Ganizirani za chilengedwe chozungulira mlongoti ndikuzindikira zinthu zilizonse zomwe zapangitsa kuti mlongoti ulephereke. Sinthani njira zilizonse zodzitetezera ku mphepo yamkuntho kapena mvula yambiri kapena chinyezi powonjezera chitetezo cha zida.

Ndikofunika kukaonana ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito ngati simukudziwa momwe mungakonzere, ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsatira njira zoyenera zotetezera pamene mukugwira ntchito pa malonda a mlongoti wa shortwave. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikuwunika kachitidwe ka tinyanga tanu kumatha kupewa izi.
Ndi ziyeneretso ziti za mainjiniya zomwe zimafunikira pakumanga dongosolo lalifupi la antenna?
Ziyeneretso zofunikira kuti mukhazikitse makina amtundu wa shortwave antenna amalonda a shortwave station zidzatengera malamulo adziko lanu ndi zomwe mukufuna. Nthawi zambiri, mungafunike kukwaniritsa njira zina zaukadaulo ndi zowongolera kuti mupeze zilolezo ndi ziphaso zofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito malo ogulitsira a shortwave ndi kachitidwe kake ka tinyanga. Ziyeneretso zina zomwe zingafunike zikuphatikizapo:

1. Maphunziro aukadaulo: Digiri kapena dipuloma yamagetsi, matelefoni, uinjiniya wamagetsi, kapena gawo lofananira litha kupereka maziko ofunikira kuti apange, kukhazikitsa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda.

2. Chitsimikizo mu Broadcast ndi Telecommunications: Mapulogalamu otsimikizira zaukadaulo pawayilesi ndi matelefoni amatha kupereka maphunziro apadera komanso ziphaso pazaumisiri wamawayilesi, kuphatikiza kapangidwe ka antenna, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza.

3. Kupereka chilolezo: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito wailesi ya shortwave m'maiko ambiri, mufunika kupeza chiphaso chowulutsa kuchokera kwa oyang'anira oyenera. Layisensi iyi ingafunike maphunziro apadera kapena zofunikira zamaphunziro.

4. Zochitika Pamakampani: Kudziwa kugwira ntchito pawayilesi, matelefoni, kapena gawo lofananira kungakhale kofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zovuta zaukadaulo, zowongolera, komanso magwiridwe antchito pakukhazikitsa kachitidwe ka mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda.

5. Katswiri wamalamulo: Kudziwa malamulo am'deralo, malamulo, ndi miyezo ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse zofunikira zamalamulo ndi zowongolera pakukhazikitsa njira yamalonda ya shortwave antenna.

Ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi akatswiri pankhaniyi komanso oyang'anira oyang'anira kuti mupeze malangizo amomwe mungapitirire pokonzekera ndi kupanga kachitidwe ka mlongoti wa shortwave wamalonda. Mungafunikenso kugwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala apadera komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito omwe atha kuthana ndi zinthu zina za polojekitiyo, monga kumanga nsanja, kukhazikitsa pansi, kapena kukhazikitsa zida kuti polojekiti ichitike bwino.
Muli bwanji?
ndili bwino

 

Kufufuza

Kufufuza

    LUMIKIZANANI NAFE

    contact-email
    kulumikizana-logo

    Malingaliro a kampani FMUSER INTERNATIONAL GROUP Limited

    Nthawi zonse timapatsa makasitomala athu zinthu zodalirika komanso ntchito zoganizira.

    Ngati mukufuna kulumikizana nafe mwachindunji, chonde pitani ku Lumikizanani nafe

    • Home

      Kunyumba

    • Tel

      Tel

    • Email

      Email

    • Contact

      Lumikizanani