Dipole Antenna 101 - Mafunso Anu Onse Adayankhidwa Malo Amodzi

  

Dipole ndi mlongoti wosavuta wokhala ndi ndodo yoyendetsa waya yomwe idagawika pakati ndikugawidwa ndi insulator. Mtundu wa antenna wawayilesi umatulutsa mafunde kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwake kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

  

Ndizovuta kuti mukhalebe wodziwa za zovuta zilizonse za dipole antenna. Pali zambiri zolakwika, komanso zingakhale zovuta, komanso kwa akatswiri mderali, kuzindikira zomwe mukuyang'ana pa intaneti komanso patsamba.

  

Ichi ndichifukwa chake tili pano ndi Dipole Antenna 101, komwe mungayankhidwe mafunso anu onse.

  

Dipole Antenna 101

Pansipa pali mafunso omwe amafunsidwa ndi omwe amakonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso makasitomala omwe amachita kafukufuku wawo pa tinyanga. Dzilowetseni kuti mudziwe mayankho onse.

  

  

Kodi Dipole Antennas Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji?

Tinyanga ta Dipole ndi imodzi mwamitundu yodziwika bwino ya tinyanga. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zodziyimira pawokha kapena zovuta kwambiri zowunikira mphamvu ndikutumiza mauthenga pamtunda wautali.

  

Mawonekedwe, kalembedwe, kukula kwake, komanso kukhazikika zonse zidzadalira momwe mutuwo umayendera ndi mafunde a wailesi, monga ma intercom pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga kulandirira pawailesi kapena kulandila mawayilesi.

  

Monga HF Cord Dipole

HF cord dipole ndi mlongoti wodziwika bwino wama transmitters a wailesi komanso olandila ku MF ndi HF pafupipafupi. Ngakhale masanjidwe a makina a transmitter/receiver awa asintha pakapita nthawi, magwiridwe ake akupitilizabe chimodzimodzi:

  

   

Zimapangitsa kuti zizindikilo zitumizidwe paziwirizi zimasiyanasiyana mosavutikira. Mawayilesi ambiri osachita masewerawa amagwiritsabe ntchito mlongoti wotumizira chifukwa ndi wodalirika komanso wotsika mtengo kuposa tinyanga tina tosiyanasiyana tokhala ndi zotulukapo zapamwamba kapena zina zambiri.

    

Kuyendetsa Element

Antenna ya dipole ndiye gawo loyendetsa la mlongoti wa Yagi. Nthawi zambiri, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timapindika kuti kukana kwawo kufanane bwino ndi mzere wa chakudya, ndipo pamakhala kutayika kwa ma sign pamayendedwe apamwamba chifukwa cha ma parasitic m'malo ena osiyanasiyana.

  

  

Kapangidwe kake kamagwira ntchito bwino pamitundu ingapo yolandirira ma TV padziko lapansi, kulumikizana kwa walkie-talkie, ntchito yoyambira wailesi, ndi zina zotero.

   

Perekani Chitetezo cha Omnidirectional

Dipole antenna, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha ngati mlongoti wa polarized polarized kuti iwonetse mawonekedwe onse. Nthawi zambiri itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere pawailesi yam'manja yokha:

   

  

Izi ndi njira ziwiri zoyankhulirana pawailesi zomwe zimalankhulirana komanso zimasunga kuyanjana ndi mautumiki kapena makampani ena, okhala ndi mayankho adzidzidzi.

  

Ntchito mkati mwa Parabolic Reflector Antennas

Parabolic reflector antennas nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi satellite, zakuthambo za wailesi, ndi kulumikizana kulikonse komwe kumayitanitsa ulalo wautali.

   

Tinyanga tambiri timeneti timagwira ntchito potsogolera mphamvu yochokera ku chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zoyendetsedwa kuti isanduke pamalo.

   

    

Atha kujambulidwa bwino ndi gawo lina lopeza, monga dipole antenna yoyikidwa pa iwo, kotero mphamvu zawo zimakulitsidwa asanazitumizenso mumlengalenga.

   

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Dipole Antenna?

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito antenna ya dipole pamafayilo onse komanso magwiridwe antchito, ndikofunikira kuganizira komwe siginecha yanu.

   

Mlongoti wotumizira mauthenga amatumiza mauthenga posintha ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala mafunde a electromagnetic mu malangizo amodzi, pomwe mlongoti wolandila umatembenuza mafunde omwewo m'mawu oyambawa.

     

Ma Dipoles nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ma transmitter chifukwa amapereka kulimba kwa siginecha akamawulutsa ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa ma tinyanga ena.

   

Komabe, simungadziwe nkomwe, komabe, pali tinyanga ta dipole kumapeto konse kwa mzere wa foni yanu - imodzi imagwira ntchito ngati chotumizira ndipo inayo ngati yolandila. Nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino mbali zonse ziwiri!

  

Kumbali inayi, mlongoti wa Half-wave dipole ndiwodziwika kwambiri pa wailesi, wailesi yakanema, ndi zida zina zoyankhulirana zopanda zingwe.

   

     

M'malo mokhala ndi masinthidwe ovuta kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga tinyanga ta Yagi-Uda zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa Makanema apamtunda okhala ndi mizere yokhazikika bwino (Z 0 = 300 Ω).

   

Ma Folded Dipoles amapeza malo awo pakati pa njira zopatsirana zambiri monga ma FM kapena ma TV. Atha kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kusapezeka kwa mzere wopatsirana womwe ulipo popanda kupsinjika pakufananiza kukana kwawo.

  

Ma VHF komanso ma antennas a UHF ndi omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kumadera akugombe, ntchito zamakampani, chitetezo cha anthu, komanso kulumikizana ndi anthu.

  

Amapereka mphamvu zabwinoko koma zocheperako zotumizira ma siginecha kuposa mitundu ina ya tinyanga, monga mlongoti wa dipole wa FM, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a m'manja a kumtunda.

   

Ma parabolic reflector antennas atha kupezeka pamanetiweki a kanema wawayilesi ngati DirecTV kapena Meal Network. Amachigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi chifukwa makasitomala awo amakhala kutali ndi nsanja zamapulogalamu chifukwa chazovuta za malo.

   

Dipole Antenna Wire Dimension

Kupanga dipole ndi ntchito yosavuta komanso yosinthika yomwe imatha kupangidwa ndi zingwe zamkuwa za 10 mpaka 18. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ipindulitsa mtundu uliwonse wa tinyanga, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi kukula kwake.

   

Chingwe chamkuwa chikhoza kupezeka mumitundu yonse yokhazikika komanso yolimba, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi kusankha kwa mawaya opanda kanthu kapena otsekeredwa!

   

Kuti mupange imodzi, yambitsani osachepera 17 mapazi (mamita 10) kumapeto kulikonse kuphatikiza mainchesi 6 ochulukirapo mbali iliyonse kuti muphatikize zotchingira malekezero anu, pambuyo pake mainchesi 12, motero amakhala pafupifupi 19 1/2 ft kutalika kwake. kumaliza.

   

Kodi Dipole Antennas Amawongolera?

Antenna ya dipole yakhala ikuwerengedwa kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa ndi njira yowongoka bwino yomwe imapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za dipole zili ndi ma conductor 2 olunjika kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, omwe amadyetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya RF pamalo awo apakati polumikizana ndi chingwe cha coax.

   

Pakhoza kukhala zazikulu kuposa mpweya ndi zinthu; Mukufuna kupeza ma wayilesi monga ma televizioni komanso ma satellite olumikizana.

    

Dipoles ndi tinyanga zazifupi zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolandila zamphamvu. Kudula malo odyetserako kumapangitsa kuti izimveka mokhazikika ngati ndikudulira zingwe za gitala.

    

Mothandizidwa ndi ma dipole antennas, mutha kugwira ntchito molingana ndi kutalika komwe mukufuna.

   

   

Mlongoti wa dipole wodyetsedwa wapakati uwu amakhala ndi kukula pansi pa 1/2 wave. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha phindu lake komanso kuthamanga kwa mtunda waufupi kwinaku akulimbikira kulandirira.

  

Ma radiation a theka-wave dipole ndi ochepa. Mizere yaying'ono iyi, yosasunthika yokhala ndi mtunda wopitilira woyimilira kwa kondakitala ndiyabwino kwambiri pojambula mafunde a wailesi mbali zonse popanda kukhetsa mphamvu yazizindikiro komanso mwachangu pomwe imalowa bwino kwa inu.

   

Ndi mlongoti wa omnidirectional. Imayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi. Komabe, imathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ikayikidwa mopingasa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kutsata zolinga zosiyanasiyana osafunikira kusintha makonda anu kapena malangizo akuwongolera kuti muchite bwino!

   

Kodi Dipole Antennas Amafunika Kuti Akhazikitsidwe

Kuyika pansi ndikofunikira kuti tinyanga tating'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ng'ambike.

   

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga "zambiri" monga dipoles kapena ndege zapansi, kuyika pansi sikumafunika chifukwa mafunde amtundu wamba amaletsedwa kulowa munjira yanu powaletsa;

   

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakwanira oyendetsa ndege omwe ali ndi zosowa zazikulu zamakono komanso zosowa zamphamvu (monga theka-wave) zimafuna kukhazikika.

    

Izi zitha kubwera polumikiza chingwe chimodzi kumunsi, pomwe chimayikidwa kumapeto kwake, komanso waya wina amapita kudziko lapansi / pansi kuti apange kukana kocheperako komwe kumafunikira pakutumiza mphamvu zambiri zama radiofrequency pa ma frequency osakwana 30 MHz.

   

Momwe Mungakhazikitsire Mlongoti wa Dipole?

Mlongoti wa dipole ndi mlongoti wa magawo awiri omwe amatha kulumikizidwa pansi, komabe, izi sizimateteza chilichonse kumphezi.

   

Chitetezo chimachokera ku kukhala ndi malo amodzi olowera kumalo opangira magetsi kumadera onse a magetsi kusiyana ndi kulumikiza mbali imodzi yokha, zomwe zingapangitse mfundo zambiri zowonongeka.

   

Chotsani mlongoti musanayambe kugunda molunjika. Izi zidzakupatsani chitetezo komanso ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo kuti muchepetse mwayi wanu wokanthidwa.

   

Komabe, ikangodutsidwa pa siteshoni, mafunde onse a dziko lapansi amatha kuyenda kudzera pamenepo, kutanthauza kuti kugunda kwa mphezi yosalunjika kungawonongebe ngakhale kuti wina waletsedwa kukhudza molunjika kuwonjezera pa ife!

   

   

Kuti mukhazikitse bwino mlongoti wa dipole, mulonda wa coax amayenera kukhazikika. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito balun yoyenera ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zingapo zosakwanira polowera polowera.

  

Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kukhala ndi chakudya factor nthaka ndi kulumikiza kuti ndi coax kuchokera pamene transceiver ulalo mu dongosolo lanu kubweza nyumba;

    

Izi zipangitsa kuti RF ikhazikike bwino komanso insulate motsutsana ndi RFI yobweretsedwa ndi zingwe zamagetsi zoyandikana nazo, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa phokoso mumtundu uliwonse wa tinyanga zodyetsera moyandikana nazo.

    

Zololeza zotere sizipezeka nthawi zonse, choncho, sungani zina zowonjezera monga kulumikiza mbali imodzi kunja (ndi chitetezo choyenera cha mphezi) pakati pa mapeto onse a mizere iyi. Amalumikizidwa kwakanthawi mkati mwa nthawi yomweyo.

   

Kodi Dipole Antennas Ayenera Kukhala Owongoka?

Kuti tiwongolere bwino kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tiyenera kupanga gawo lathu poganizira gawo linalake.

  

Kungakhale kwanzeru kuti tiganizire za zinthu zomwe zili m'malire ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zingachitike tisanapange zisankho zilizonse, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala vuto.

  

Kuyika tinyanga nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mungakhulupirire. Tinyanga za Dipole siziyenera kuyikidwa pamzere wolondola, wopingasa ndipo zimatha kusinthasintha kapena kugwa ngati pakufunika.

   

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ndi ma conductor a RF! Kuti muyimitse zoopsa zachitetezo monga zingwe zamagetsi zokhudza mlongoti wanu, zikhazikitseni motetezeka kutali ndi kondakitala ina iliyonse, zinthu zoyaka moto, komanso kunja kwa anthu odutsa.

   

Ndendende Kodi Dipole Antenna Imacheza Bwanji?

Mlongoti wa dipole ndi mtundu wamba wa mlongoti, nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zoyendetsera. Dzina loti "dipole" likuwonetsa kuti dipole limakhala ndi mizati kapena zinthu ziwirizi-- komanso ngati zikuyenda mkati mwake, mafunde amagetsi kapena mawayilesi amawulutsidwa kuchokera pamenepo.

    

M'mawu okhazikika, pali mfundo zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa zamtunduwu: choyamba, mawonekedwe otulutsa (kapena gawo) amatha kugawidwa mu chinthu chimodzi (chotchedwa monopoles).

    

Chachiwiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndikugawanika pakati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yotumizira ikhoza kubwera molunjika;

   

Kutalikirana kwa zigawo zotulutsa, kapena "miyendo," pa mlongoti wa dipole zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri.

  

Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti nthawi iliyonse mphamvu ina ikafika kumapeto pambuyo poyenda pansi mwendo umodzi wa chingwe, ndalama zomwezo zimasunthidwa pamiyendo yonse nthawi imodzi pamene zimabwereranso ulendo wina wobwerera. .

   

Momwe Mungapangire Antenna ya FM Dipole?

Sizinakhalepo zophweka kupanga antenna yanu yachuma ya FM dipole, komanso simukufunanso msonkhano! Mutha kupanga imodzi m'chipinda chapamwamba kapena chipinda chofolera ndi ndalama zochepa.

   

   

Ma antennas awa ndiabwino m'malo amkati mwa nyumba yanu omwe mulibe chizindikiro chakunja ngati zipinda zapadenga. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mwadzidzidzi pakufunika kufalitsa kwanthawi yayitali pamalopo monga zomwe zimachitika panja nthawi ndi nthawi.

   

Amalola kukambirana njira yopangira Mlongoti wa Dipole wa FM:

   

Gawo 1

Kuti mupange mlongoti wa dipole wa FM Choyamba, dulani mawaya anu pakati ndikudula kotala-inchi mbali zonse ziwiri kuti muwulule waya wamkuwa. Pambuyo pake, zingwe ziwirizo zimakhala zozungulira pang'ono pamakona oyenera kwa zina zilizonse (izi zidzakupatsani zomwe zimawoneka ngati X) zokhala ndi zotchingira mbali zonse.

   

Gawo 2

Tsopano tengani nsonga yoturuka ija yomwe siinavulidwe ndikuyiyika motetezeka penapake pomwe zipsinjozo zalumikizidwa zibwererana wina ndi mzake-- khulupirirani kumangirira!

   

Zomangira zachitsulo ziyenera kugwira ntchito, komanso, ngati mulibe zomangira zamtundu uliwonse, Komabe, onetsetsani kuti chilichonse chaching'ono chimakhala chabwino komanso chocheperako kotero kuti palibe mipata pakati pa kuzungulira kozungulira kuti mafunde amlengalenga adutse.

    

Ntchito 3

Kapangidwe ka dipole antenna ndikofunikira kuti mupeze ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwawayilesi iyi kungakhale 150 cm, komwe kumatanthawuza ma sentimita 75 mbali iliyonse.

   

Izi zipangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kupeza ma wayilesi omwe amafalitsira ochepera makumi asanu peresenti ya gulu la FM chifukwa ma frequency amagwera m'malo awa pafupipafupi kuposa ena, ndipo ngati mukufuna kuti muzikhala wokhazikika, ingochepetsani pafupifupi 5-10 CMS. pafupifupi!

  

Kukula kwa zingwezo kumatha kumangidwa ndi zingwe kapena ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumanga paliponse kuchokera pamitengo yanu yanyumba kupita pamalo otseguka pansi ngati digiri ya pansi.

   

Mutha kuyeza kukula kwa waya poitengera kumapeto kwake osaphatikiza gawo lililonse lomwe lili mu mfundo kapena kubwereza kawiri.

   

Kutseka mawayawa kudzawonjezeranso inductance kwa izo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ikhale yolakalaka kwambiri ntchito zolandirira. Komabe, mwamwayi, ngati nyumba yanu ili ndi zingwe za coax zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuzilumikiza wina ndi mzake pogwiritsa ntchito adaputala yofananira kumapeto kulikonse.

    

Khwere-4

Kuyika mlongoti wanu bwino ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi chizindikiro champhamvu. Zinthu zachitsulo chakumapeto kwa mlongoti zimatha kusokoneza kulandila, kotero onetsetsani kuti mwayiyika kutali ndi zitsulo komanso zotchinga zina zingapo momwe mungathere kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino!

    

Kwezani mlongoti pamalo anu okwera mutaganizira mozama za zosankha zake zonse zomwe zikupezeka mosavuta. Pambuyo pake ikani malekezero amodzi pa msomali komanso ena osiyanasiyana amathera polemera kapena mtundu wina kuti mupewe nkhawa zilizonse ndi kugwa. Coax imatsogozedwa pamakona abwino kwambiri kuchokera pano, momwe mungathere mungapereke mavutowa!

    

Kodi Dipole Antenna ndi chiyani?

Ndi chingwe chaching'ono chomwe chimatha kupangidwa pomanga dipoles 2 theka-wave pambali pa fomu yoyamba. Malo okhala kapena malonda a chingwe chopyapyalachi ndi ofanana ndi ma biquad komanso tinyanga ta monopole, komabe, ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ake ake!

   

Magawo onse awiri amakhutitsa pakati pawo, pomwe malekezero aliwonse amalumikizana ndikulowetsa moyenera kuti mukhale ndi mafunde ofanana kumalekezero onse awiri.

    

Choncho, imapanga kamangidwe kakang'ono kuti agwire mosavuta pamiyeso yaying'ono chifukwa chakuti chipindacho sichikhoza kufika kapena chochepa kwambiri.

   

    

Mawonekedwe wamba a dipole ndiwofanana, komabe, dipole lopindidwa limakhala ndi vuto lolowera kwambiri kuposa wamba chifukwa cha masanjidwe ake ndi geometry. Izi zikusonyeza kuti idzakhala ndi ma radiation ocheperako mbali ina yake chifukwa pali tinyanga ziwiri mkati m'malo mwa imodzi.

   

Kodi Hertzian Dipole Antenna ndi chiyani?

Heinrich Rudolph Hertz adapanga mlongoti wa dipole wamtunduwu mu 1886. Ndi mlongoti wopangidwa ndi mawaya womwe ungapangidwe kuchokera kumtundu uliwonse wa kukula kwa waya wamagetsi ndi chinthu choyendetsedwa ndi RF pamalopo.

   

Minyanga iyi ndi yogwira ntchito komanso yosavuta chifukwa ilibe magawo osunthira ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino pakupatsira kapena kupeza mphamvu zama radiofrequency monga momwe mungafune!

    

   

Machulukidwe omwe alipo amachepetsa molingana ndi izi, kuyambira pomwe ali momwe angakwaniritsire pamalopo mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kulikonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kutumiza uthenga wanu kudera losintha dziko lino lomwe timatcha Planet popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri!

   

Chifukwa chiyani ma Dipole Antennas Ali Atali-Wave Wautali?

Dipole antennas ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamafunde a wailesi. Chingwe chomwe chimapanga mlongoti wamtunduwu chimatha kuchepetsedwa ndikupindika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kutengera momwe mukufunira kuti chiwonetsere chizindikiro chake (ie, kutumiza mafunde amagetsi).

   

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chingakhale dipole la theka-wave, lomwe lili ndi madera awiri omwe amalumikizana ndi malekezero awo afupikitsidwa, omwe ali ofanana ndi magetsi.

   

Monga ngati gawo limodzi ladulidwa pakati mopingasa ndipo pambuyo pake limalumikizidwanso m'malo molunjika!

   

   

Mafupipafupi a dipole a theka-wave, omwe ndi 3KHz mpaka 300GHz, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito polandila wailesi kwazaka zambiri.

   

Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mlongoti umatha kunyamula ma siginecha kuchokera kumafuridwe onse kudera lonseli ndikuwapatsa ngati chizindikiro chamagetsi kuti chikwezedwe ndi zida zina zosiyanasiyana.

  

Tinyanga izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pawailesi komanso mawayilesi akanema kuti azigwira bwino ntchito. Atha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mitundu ina ya tinyanga pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga powulutsa ma siginecha padziko lonse lapansi.

    

Kodi Balun N'chiyani? Chifukwa Chiyani Timafunikira Izi mu Dipole Antenna?

   

   

Kutanthauzira

Mabaluni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira magetsi chomwe chimasintha mphamvu mumzere wokhazikika kuti ukhale wopanda mphamvu.

   

Mafunde amagetsi amatha kutumizidwa kudzera pawaya wapansi ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu yothandiza pazida zambiri zamkati mwa nyumba kapena nyumba yanu pogwiritsa ntchito ma transfoma otchedwa ma baluns.

   

Mitundu ya Balun

Pali ma baluni ambiri, komabe, onse otchuka komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma voliyumu-mabaluni ndi ma balun apano.

    

Magetsi, komanso ma balun omwe alipo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ma voltages kukhala mtundu wamagetsi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida zamagetsi, makamaka potumiza ma siginecha amagetsi.

    

Ngakhale palibe njira yokwanira yopangira nyumba yogwirira ntchito kapena maukonde a bungwe, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena balun yomwe ilipo ikuthandizani kuti muzitha kulumikizana bwino kuchokera ku chida kupita ku chida pamanetiweki opanda zingwe.

    

N'chifukwa Chiyani Timafunikira Balun?

Zingakuthandizeni ngati mutakhala ndi balun kuonetsetsa kuti mlongoti wanu ndi wolumikizidwa bwino komanso ukugwira ntchito momwe mungathere. Nyumba yabwinobwino kapena yolimba imakhala ndi zingwe zodutsamo, kuzungulira zinthu zachitsulo, komanso zozikidwa ndi mawaya kuti mphamvu ipitilize kuyenda mopanda kulenga.

   

Mafunde amagetsi awa amatha kusokoneza mafunde a wailesi omwe amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku waya wodutsa mpweya monga mlongoti wa dipole.

    

Vuto silinachitike mukamagwiritsa ntchito munthu wolumikizana ndi balun komwe amatumiza mosavuta mizere yolumikizirana m'malo mosokonezedwa ndi makina ena, monga mawaya amagetsi apanyumba, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kusokoneza kwa ma siginoloji.

  

   

Ndi balun, dipole antenna yanu, komanso makina anu amagetsi, sangasokonezedwe ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mphamvu zakunja. Zingwe zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsa nyumba zanu zimabweretsa mphamvu zamagetsi zoyendayenda kuzungulira zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena dothi, zomwe zimasokoneza kayendedwe kake.

   

Izi zili choncho chifukwa ali ndi zida zotetezeka monga ma transfoma omwe amalepheretsa mafunde oyendayenda kuti asawonongeke.

   

Kutanthauza kuti mumasankha kuti musagwiritse ntchito balun polumikiza zingwe zanu za dipole. Zikatero, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiwopsezo cha mafunde oyendayenda omwe amasokoneza mawayilesi ndikusokoneza ulalo wake.

    

Dipole Antenna vs. Omni

Lingaliro la mlongoti wa omnidirectional ndi lingaliro lamaphunziro chabe. Palibe chinthu choterocho chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kubwerezanso ma radiation a malangizo onse kuchokera kumtundu uliwonse wa malo amodzi;

     

Kotero ngakhale mutapanga china kuchokera ku chinthu china osati chitsulo ndikutumizanso zizindikiro kudzera pa icho - fumbi la boma kapena madzi, zomwe ziri zotsutsana ndi mafunde monga ndi tinyanga tating'ono - sakanatha kufika pachinthu chilichonse nthawi imodzi.

    

A theka-wavelength dipole ndi imodzi mwa tinyanga zosavuta kutumiza mafunde a wailesi. Imagwira ntchito potumiza chizindikiro pamakona abwino kuchokera pakatikati pake, ngati mphete za 2 zokhala ndi mlongoti ndikutsegula kwawo.

    

Izi zimapanga mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imatha kugwidwa komanso kutumizidwa kuzinthu zonse zomwe zayandikira koma osati mwachindunji kapena pansi chifukwa chakuti zizindikirozo zimalowetsedwa mu chinachake pamene akupita kutsika kwambiri asanafike kwa wina aliyense. wolandira.

  

    

Mlongoti wa dipole wopingasa ndi wolunjika, wolunjika kumbali koma osachoka kumapeto. Njira yokwaniritsira kuwongolera uku kotchedwa "kutembenuza" chingwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mukufuna chizindikiro chanu mbali imodzi yayikulu kuposa ena;

   

Komabe, pamafunika luso komanso ukadaulo wokhudza momwe tinyanga zimagwirira ntchito bwino tisanayese ngati zili choncho pamakonzedwe enieni.

   

Pakadali pano, Mukasiyanitsa Omni ndi dipole pamphamvu yofanana, zikuwonekeratu kuti pali chiwongolero chochulukirapo kuchokera ku dipoles. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kapena ayi, kumalizidwa kwa mlongoti uliwonse kumatulutsidwa mbali zake.

   

Kusiyana pakati pa tinyanga tating'ono ting'onoting'ono kumatha kuchulukira kuwirikiza ka 1.5 kuposa ena kutengera momwe alili pokhudzana ndi minda ya wina ndi mnzake (kotero izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kutulutsa kapena kuthirira mphamvu).

   

Dipole Antenna vs Monopole

Kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa mlongoti wa dipole komanso monopole ndikuti chomaliza chimafuna radiator yowonjezera yomwe imapanga ndege yapansi, pomwe yoyambayo sichitha.

   

Woyendetsa wamkati wa chingwe cha coax amalumikiza magawo 180 akunja kwa gawo ndi ma conductor akunja kuti azigwira ntchito ngati theka la antenna ya dipole.

   

Pamapangidwe amtunduwu, pamafunika kungolumikizana mbali zonse ziwiri, kotero palibe zigawo zatsatanetsatane monga momwe mungapezere masitayelo ena, monga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za RCA kapena makutu a akalulu.

    

Ingowalumikizani muzolandila zanu! Ndege imodzi yokha yomwe ili ndi ndege yake imakhala pansi; Izi zikusonyeza kuti tili ndi chinachake cholembedwa pansipa chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati malo athu owunikira.

    

Ma Monopoles ndi dipole antennas onse ali ndi ma radiation ofanana. Komabe, tinyanga ta Monopolar timadziwa kuti ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mafunde amtundu wina.

   

Kapangidwe ka mlongoti wa monopole nthawi zambiri kumakhala koletsa, chifukwa kukula kwake kumafunikira zinthu zoyimbira zomwe zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito. Kumbali inayi, dipoles ndizosavuta kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyikika mwachangu popanda kusiya kugwira ntchito.

   

    

Ma antennas a Dipole ndianthawi zonse kuposa ma monopoles, kusonyeza kuti pali mitundu yayikulu ya dipole. Imodzi mwamitundu yomwe imakonda kwambiri ndi mlongoti wa theka-wavelength womwe umawonekera m'malo ambiri monga mawayilesi a AM komanso ma siginecha apawailesi yakanema komanso makina amawu otsika pafupipafupi.

    

Ma Monopoles ali ndi zosiyana zochepa, komabe, zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito pofalitsa monga mawailesi amgalimoto kapena ma transmitters. Zingwe zingapo zapansi zimapatsa kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe a radiation kuti azitha kuwulutsa bwino popanda kusokoneza pang'ono kuchokera kumagwero ena.

   

Dipole Antenna vs. Long Cord

Mlongoti wa chingwe chachitali ndi chida china chomangidwa kuchokera kumtundu uliwonse wazitsulo, monga mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu. Ndi chitsulo chimodzi chowongoka chokhazikika, komanso palibenso china - monga momwe dzina limanenera!

   

Zingwe zazitali zimakhala zodalirika ngati mungazikhazikitse mwanjira ina kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikupeza ma sigino (mwina mwa kukhazikika mbali zonse ziwiri ndi pulaneti kapena kulumikiza molunjika ku cholandirira chanu).

   

Sitayilo yokhazikika imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi pa HF mpaka 30 MHz, komabe ngati muli ndi nthawi yowonjezera m'manja mwanu, mitundu yambiri imachita bwino kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira mitundu ina yanthawi zonse.

   

Kumbali ina, mlongoti wa dipole ndi mtundu wogwira ntchito komanso wosavuta. Itha kupangidwa mofanana ndi tinyanga zazitali zamawaya zongosintha pang'ono, monga kuphatikiza kusungira zinthu mbali imodzi kuti zisagwere pazokha.

    

Kapenanso, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe 2 pakukweza kukula osataya mawonekedwe azizindikiro. Ma Dipoles amatha kuyenda pakati pa HF kupita kumayendedwe a UHF pongosintha kukula kwa chingwe chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.

    

Anthu ambiri akaganizira za mlongoti, amaganiza za chipangizo chomwe chimatenga mafunde a wailesi ndi kuwasandutsa mawilo amagetsi. A dipole amachita chinthu chofananira komabe popanda kufunika kwa magetsi kuti akhazikitsidwe kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

  

Izi ndichifukwa choti tinyanga tazingwe tating'ono timadalira kukhazikika ndi Planet ngati gawo la machitidwe awo.

  

Komabe, ikayikidwa pamalo okwera ngati mitengo kapena nsanja pomwe palibenso chilichonse chomwe chimamanga moyandikana (kupatula pansi), chitetezo cha mphezi chimakhala chocheperako chifukwa cholekanitsidwa ndi kumenyedwa komwe kungachitike.

  

Ndendende Momwe Mungadziwire Mphamvu ya Dipole Antenna Transmission?

Kuthamanga kwa mlongoti wa dipole kumatsimikiziridwa ndi fomula, Transmission capacity = f max - f min. Izi zikuyimira kusintha koyenera kwa ma frequency komwe mlongoti ungagwirizane ndikugwirabe ntchito bwino.

   

Zimangodziwitsa kusiyana komwe kumayenera kukhala pakati pa ma frequency otsika komanso apamwamba kuti musinthe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutagwirizana ndi gulu kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 200 MHz pambuyo pake Δf idzakhala 50MHz (200-100=50).

   

Nthawi zina, tiyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse komwe dipoles amapangidwira kuti aziyendetsa chifukwa ali ndi ma contour osiyanasiyana kumapeto kwa mapangidwe awo.

   

Wina atha kugwira ntchito bwino pafupi ndi pomwe adadulira pafupi ndi DC koma molakwika atayina pafupi ndi kumapeto kwamitundu yake pomwe mlongoti wina uli wabwino kwambiri.

   

Izi zitha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu kapena mtundu wake, kotero onetsetsani kuti mwagula yopangidwira gulu lomwe mukufuna kuti ikhalemo. Mphamvu yotumizira ya dipole antenna iyenera kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Δf = 0 (palibe kusiyana pakati pa ma frequency ochepetsedwa ndi apamwamba) ku λ/20 (a 20% kusinthidwa).

   

Lamulo labwino lingakhale: ngati kukhazikika kwanu kugwera mkati mwazenerali, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso mtundu uliwonse wa chiwonongeko kapena kusokonekera konse.

   

Komabe, ngati kukhazikika kwanu kutsika kupitilira zenera lanyumba ili, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zina ndi kutayika kwa ma siginecha komanso kusokoneza.

   

Mwachitsanzo, ngati tili ndi mlongoti pa 145MHz kumene kukhazikika kwathu kwapamwamba kumayambira pa 160MHz komanso kumathera pafupi ndi 180 MHz, pambuyo pake Δf = 30MHz, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti tidzakhala ndi vuto lotsitsa kwambiri komanso phokoso lowonjezereka.

   

Pomaliza!

   

Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika kuziganizira posankha mlongoti wa dipole pazoyeserera payekha kapena kupindula mwaukadaulo. Dipole Antenna 1010 yayankha imodzi mwamafunso odziwika bwino okhudza tinyangazi, ndicholinga chofuna kuthandiza omwe akuganiza zopeza zambiri.